CONTEXT Medicine is a highly visual discipline. Physicians from many specialties constantly use visual information in diagnosis and treatment. However, they are often unable to explain how they use this information. Consequently, it is unclear how to train medical students in this visual processing. Eye tracking is a research technique that may offer answers to these open questions, as it enabl...

Eye tracking refers to the process of tracking the movement of the eye and determining where the user is looking. The aim of this paper is to present a review on various techniques used for eye tracking. There are a number of principles used in measuring eye movements, including measurements of electric and photoelectric signals, tracking a number of visual features in the image of the eye, mea...

This paper describes a method to study the infant’s ability to predict the consequences of its vocalizations and presents the first results of the on-going investigation. The research method uses a voice-controlled device, with which the infant may control the position of a figure on a screen, in combination with an eye-tracking system (Tobii) that simultaneously registers the infant’s gaze fix...

Previous studies have reported that concurrent manual tracking enhances smooth pursuit eye movements only when tracking a self-driven or a predictable moving target. Here, we used a control-theoretic approach to examine whether concurrent manual tracking enhances smooth pursuit of an unpredictable moving target. In the eye-hand tracking condition, participants used their eyes to track a Gaussia...

Visual attention and movement have evolved by many ways in eye tracking system. With the mechanism and functionality of eye movement, tracking human eye with high accuracy is possible. In eye tracking system, calibration technique can be considered as the first crucial step to be taken before eye can be tracked. The technique highly depends on a number of calibration points used and the selecti...

Most of the eye tracking devices is based on computer vision imaging systems. This paper presents a complete system for eye tracking through avoiding the restrictions that are caused due to the head movements. The Viola-Jones algorithm, in combination with Kalman Filtering, is utilized for detecting and tracking the face. The Viola –Jones-based eye tracker that is employed here offers eye track...

This paper discusses the calibration phase required prior to working of any gesture recognition or eye tracking devices. The calibration phase is an starting phase of eye tracking system. Prior to tracking phase, calibration (for eye detection) is required. Four methods have been tried in this paper, namely: using a box, multiple frames, laser and neural networks. The results of implementing ea...

Head pose is utilized to approximate a user's line-of-sight for real-time image rendering and interaction in most of the 3D visualization applications using head-mounted displays (HMD). The eye often reaches an object of interest before the completion of most head movements. It is highly desirable to integrate eye-tracking capability into HMDs in various applications. While the added complexity...