The mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle chromosomes, arriving at individualized chromatids with morphology observed in vivo. Our model res...

The dimensioning of injection heads for the extrusion of rubber profiles is exclusively based on empiric knowledge of the non-linear viscoelastic flow behaviour of elastomers especially of the so-called die swell.Thus, the design of injection heads is carried out with subject to the used rubber blend, whereas the geometry of the appropriate profile is achieved by empiric adaptation of the extru...

IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is the commonly accepted data exchange standard for Building Information Models (BIM). However, the geometric representation in IFC is restricted to explicit, extrusion and CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry) approaches. Accordingly, the exchange of parametric geometry between parametric design applications used in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construct...

Flexible forming processes are characterized by the implementation of shape-independent tools. However, varying properties of semi-finished goods in conjunction with the lack of a forming tool technology also lead to an insufficient reproducibility of the products. In order to overcome this problem a closed-loop control system for the on-line-capable process control was worked out for laser for...

The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the mechanism and dominant drivers influencing phase separation during ram extrusion of calcium phosphate (CaP) paste for orthopaedic applications. The liquid content of extrudate was determined, and the flow of liquid and powder phases within the syringe barrel during extrusion were observed, subject to various extrusion parameters. Increa...

In this paper, a real-world test problem is presented and made available for use by the EMO community. The problem deals with the optimization of polymer extrusion, in terms of setting the operating conditions and/or the screw geometry. The binary code of a computer program that predicts the thermomechanical experience of a polymer inside the machine, as a function of geometry, polymer properti...

Profile extrusion is a manufacturing process used for continuous plastics profiles with a fixed cross section. The key challenge in the development of profile extrusion dies is to design the transition region between outflow and inflow of the die in such a way, that the material velocity at the outflow is homogeneous. At the current state of the art, die design is experience based and time-cons...