Comprehensive studies were carried out to investigate the light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip (TFFC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with anatase TiO(2) microsphere arrays by employing the finite-difference time-domain method. The quantum well position and the resonant cavity effect were studied to obtain optimum light extraction for the planar TFFC LED. Further enhancement in light...

Light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a TiO2 microlens arrays was calculated by employing the finite-difference time-domain method. The microlens arrays, formed by embedding hexagonal close-packed TiO2 sphere arrays in a polystyrene (PS) layer, were placed on top of the InGaN LED to serve as an intermediate medium for light extraction. ...

Introduction: Humic substances (HSs) are very complex and heterogeneous organic matter with high molecular weight and various functional groups, which are produced from the chemical and biological degradation of plants and animal tissues. HS can cause: colour, odour and taste problems in drinking water, biological growth in distribution systems, increase in chlorine demand for disinfection, mem...

introduction: tea (camellia sinensis), is the most widely beverage after water across the world. the most important chemical composition in tea is phenolic compounds (catechins) that have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties and are benefited for cardiovascular disease. there are two major kinds of tea, black tea and green tea. green tea, is originated in china and dates back to several ...

In this work, we investigate ways of extracting information from simulations, in particular from simulation-based multi-objective optimisation, in order to acquire information that can support human decision makers that aim for optimising manufacturing processes. Applying data mining for analyzing data generated using simulation is a fairly unexplored area. With the observation that the obtaine...

Managing fertilizer applications to maintain soil P below environmentally unacceptable levels should consider the contribution of manure and synthetic fertilizer sources to soluble and extractable forms of P. Our objective was to evaluate soil and manure characteristics and application rates on P extractability in recently amended soils. Five soils of the U.S. southern High Plains were amended ...

The on-going reduction of the on-chip feature size goes together with an increase of process variability. While the manufacturer is expected to improve the uniformity of its output, and the designers are expected to enhance circuit adaptability and reliability, the design tools are expected to deliver convenient and fast approaches capable of giving accurate characterizations of manufacturing t...

A novel algorithm is presented in this paper for vehicle localisation and recognition under the ground-plane constraint. Unlike the vast majority of the existing modelbased object recognition schemes, the algorithm eliminates the need for explicit feature extraction and matching so that the computational cost is substantially lower. The algorithm is tested extensively with routine outdoor traff...

In this work we perform an extensive comparative study of approaches for mobile visual recognition by simultaneously evaluating the performance and the computational cost of state-of-the-art key-point detection, feature extraction and encoding algorithms. Every step is independently tested so that its contribution to the final computational cost can be measured. The widely used OpenCV library i...

ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to determine the optimum processing conditions and to achieve the maximum extraction yield and viscosity of the gum extracted from quince seed. using response surface methodology (rsm) to design the experiments and adopting the central composite rotatable design (ccrd), the effect of extraction temperature (25-55°c), time (3-10 minutes), and ph (6-8) were...