abstract recent studies suggest that prelistening activities play an important role in the development of listening comprehension (e.g. long 1990;chiang and dunkel 1992; schmidt-rinehart 1994; jensen and hansen 1995; robinson et al., 1995; buck, 1995; foster and skehan,1996; teng 1996; robinson, 2001; chang and read 2006). in line with previous studies and to shed light on a new aspect of sche...

the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relation between efl teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and their success. moreover, the study was an analysis of the teacher age, gender and years of teaching experience, to examine the manner in which these factors relate to teacher self-efficacy as defined by bandura (1997) and teaching effectiveness as evaluated by their own student...

Background: A firefighting job is a demanding job that has a high degree of stress due to constant exposure to life-threatening conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of intrinsic job motivation in the relationship between job commitment and professional ethics with extra-role performance among firefighters in Isfahan. Methods: The type of stud...

postcolonial feminism, also dubbed as third world feminism, is an innovative approach, demonstrating the way women of colonized countries suffer from both native patriarchies and imperial ideology. also due to this double-colonization, postcolonial feminists contend that third world women are subjected to both colonial domination of empire and male domination of patriarchy. while western femini...

  Background: Staff of any organization is the main index for the superiority of the organization. Organizational commitment is an important predictor of organizational behavior whose analysis can help leaders and supervisors to identify the potential problems . Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between supportive and unsupportive managerial behaviors and job burnout wit...

The aim of the present research was to conduct meta-analysis on the relationship between identification commitment, affiliation commitment and exchange commitment with participation to decision making, direct service to the public and exrarole behaviors. 15 studies from throughout of Iran involving 4129 participant were used in this meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using Schmit and Glass’s meth...

today, the route for economic development in most countries is the same as international open competitive economy. economic institutes well known that supportive public economy belonged on the past and they may compete in the global economy. it is obvious that if they have no competitive potency or not familiar with competition technique, they may be devastated. banking system aims to collect t...

مقدمه: یکی از شایعترین اختلالات ریوی در بزرگسالان بیماری های انسدادی مزمن ریه (copd) است که شامل برونشیت مزمن و آمفیزم می باشد. شدت این اختلال در تعیین میزان پاسخ به درمان موثر است و لذا امروزه سعی می شود معیارهای مختلفی در جهت درجه بندی شدت بیماری copd استفاده شود که از جمله آنها می توان به معیارهای بالینی ارائه شده توسط american thoracic society (ats) اشاره نمود. شناسایی ارتباطات موجود بین ای...