The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) represents a significant driver of Northern Hemisphere climate, but the forcing mechanisms pacing the AMO remain poorly understood. Here we use the available proxy records to investigate the influence of solar and volcanic forcing on the AMO over the last ~450 years. The evidence suggests that external forcing played a dominant role in pacing the AMO ...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of external pacing with periodic auditory stimuli on the control of periodic movement. [Subjects and Methods] Eighteen healthy subjects performed self-paced, synchronization-continuation, and syncopation-continuation tapping. Inter-onset intervals were 1,000, 2,000 and 5,000 ms. The variability of inter-tap intervals was compa...

A 69-year-old man with a permanent demand pacemaker and a unipolar electrode system had intermittent failure of pacing during deep inspiration. Pacing was not interrupted when the unit was switched to fixed rate mode by an external magnet. Thus, the problem was not caused by a change in electrode position or to a loose connexion. The likely cause was inhibition by non-cardiac potentials, possib...

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common problem after CABG. Prevention with prophylactic drug therapy has had limited success, therefore alternative approaches are required. This study investigated the role of biatrial pacing compared with no pacing on AF incidence after isolated first-time CABG. METHODS AND RESULTS During surgery, temporary pacing leads were placed in the lateral wal...

BACKGROUND The mechanoenergetic effects of atrioventricular delay optimization during biventricular pacing ("cardiac resynchronization therapy", CRT) are unknown. METHODS Eleven patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB) underwent invasive measurements of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure, aortic flow velocity-time-integral (VTI) and myocardial oxygen consumption (...

A detailed two-dimensional finite element model of the conductive anatomy of the human thorax was designed to assess the current density distribution in atrial pacing. A genetic algorithm was developed to examine the optimal electrode configuration for tolerable esophageal pacing in three cases. According to the model, the most appropriate bipolar electrode position is to encompass the atrium-e...

Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing is occasionally required for prolonged periods, particularly in patients with severe infection and bradyarrhythmias who may need several weeks of antibiotic treatment before a permanent pacemaker can be safely implanted. Prolonged temporary transvenous pacing is frequently associated with complications such as local or systemic infection, lead displacement, ...

BACKGROUND Accurate determination of regional areas of arrhythmic triggers is of key interest to diagnose arrhythmias and optimize their treatment. Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) is an ultrasound technique that can image the transient deformation in the myocardium after electrical activation and therefore has the potential to detect and characterize location of triggers of arrhythmias. ...

BACKGROUND The coronary sinus (CS) was, for 10 years, the standard place for permanent atrial pacing, and the antiarrhythmic properties of CS pacing were described by Moss in the early 70's. These observations were confirmed during EP studies, although currently permanent CS pacing is infrequently applied. Signal averaged (SA) P wave analysis has established values for the examination of EP pro...