Phrenic and external intercostal motor responses to inspiratory load were studied in anaesthetized rabbits and after bilateral vagotomy. Animals were ventilated with a phrenic nerve driven respirator set at different gains, i.e. volume to phrenic-signal ratio. Load was imposed by occluding the trachea at the end of expiration for the period of one breath. It was found that vagally mediated low ...

The problem of speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with unknown parameters and unknown external load torque is formulated and solved as an adaptive control problem that meets the requirements of asymptotic command following with simultaneous asymptotic disturbance attenuation. The key point is to identify the system without knowledge, estimation or measurement of the un...

In this paper we suggest a method to calculate the first integrals of a special system of the first order of differential equations. Then we use the method for finding the solutions of some differential equations such as, the differential equation of RLC circuit

The human foot is characterized by a pronounced longitudinal arch (LA) that compresses and recoils in response to external load during locomotion, allowing for storage and return of elastic energy within the passive structures of the arch and contributing to metabolic energy savings. Here, we examine the potential for active muscular contribution to the biomechanics of arch deformation and reco...

In this paper, using energy method, small scale effects on the buckling analysis of a double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) under external radial pressure is studied. The constitutive equations derived for a DWCNT using the nonlocal theory of elasticity which Eringen are presented for the first time. By minimizing the second variation of the total energy for a DWCNT, hence, the value of the non...

This study investigated the effect of both walking speed and external ankle load on the kinetic patterns of treadmill walking in preadolescents with and without Down syndrome (DS). Ten preadolescents with DS and ten age- and gender-matched children with typical development (TD) participated in this study. We manipulated two treadmill speeds and two external ankle loads. Treadmill speeds were eq...

Perceptual load is a key determinant of distraction by task-irrelevant stimuli (e.g., Lavie, N. (2005). Distracted and confused?: Selective attention under load. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 75-82). Here we establish the role of perceptual load in determining an internal form of distraction by task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs or "mind-wandering"). Four experiments demonstrated reduced frequenc...

CONTEXT There is limited information about the effects of increasing load while squatting. OBJECTIVE To quantify tibiofemoral joint kinetics during squatting with variable loads. SETTING Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 20 male students. INTERVENTION Tibiofemoral joint kinetics and electromyographic (EMG) activity of four involved muscles were determined by recording the half squat wit...