The challenge of achieving net zero CO2 emissions will require a significant scaling up production and international trade several raw materials which are critical for transforming the global economy from one dominated by fossil fuels to led renewable energy technologies. This report provides first joint assessment data on production, trade, export restrictions such OECD’s Inventory Export Rest...

globalization is integration of national economies in global economy and infers on increasing the flow of goods and services. in this study the consequences of globalization were studied through the analysis of level of international trade index (lit) in the caviar export equation. the required data were gathered from statistical yearbook of foreign trade, statistical yearbook of fisheries, sta...

The research analyses the trade war between South Korea and Japan from perspective of international law. involving was triggered by a decision Supreme Court which ordered several Japanese companies to pay compensation victims forced labor during World War II. As result, on July 1, 2019, imposed restrictions chemical exports Korea. accused violating regulations concerning export restrictions. Th...

Countries have long used import tari↵s as an instrument to stimulate or protect downstream industries; however, in the GATT/WTO era, tari↵s have fallen greatly worldwide. Has the WTO succeeded in limiting the prevalence of this class of industrial policy, or are governments still attempting to move downstream via other policy instruments? For countries with large raw materials endowments, one a...

Utilizing a rich export restriction database that covers 527 agricultural products at the six-digit Harmonized System (HS) code level in 168 countries from 2005 to 2015, this article investigates political and economic determinants of countries’ decisions. Empirical analysis shows one standard deviation increase commodity's market power increases probability an on commodity by 5.5%, country's n...