Social loafing has been described as the phenomenon in which participants who work together generate less effort than do participants who work alone (e.g., Latane, Williams, & Harkins, 1979). Subsequent research (Harkins & Jackson, 1985; Williams, Harkins, & Latane, 1981) has shown that a particular aspect of this paradigm leads to the loafing effect. When participants "work together," their ou...
