With the evolution of technology, the maintenance of sophisticated systems is of concern for system engineers and system designers. The maintenance cost of the system depends in general on the replacement and repair policies. The system replacement may be in a strictly periodic fashion or on a random basis depending upon the maintenance policy. At failure, the repair of the system may be perfor...

Dybvig ? introduced the interesting problem of how to construct in the cheapest possible way a terminal wealth with desired distribution. This idea has induced a series of papers concerning generality, consequences and applications. As the optimized claims typically follow the trend in the market, they are not useful for investors who wish to use them to protect an existing portfolio. For this ...

information asymmetry in stock market can increase the risk of investment which in turn increases the capital cost of firms. bhattacharya (1979) proposed a hypothesis that states dividend can act as a powerful signal in order to solve information asymmetry problem. we measured information asymmetry by lack of earnings transparency. therefore we examine the effect of earnings transparency on cap...

background the vacuum assisted closure (vac) therapy has revolutionized the modern wound care. we developed a new concept of ‘vac at home’ in order to decrease the hospital cost. methods the study was conducted in a private hospital from january 2009 to december 2010. only those patients were included among whom the wounds were not complicated by concomitant injury and the patients were otherwi...

The problem we investigate deals with the optimal assignment of resources to the activities of a stochastic project network. We seek to minimize the expected cost of the project include sum of resource utilization costs and lateness costs. We assume that the work content required by the activities follows an exponential distribution. The decision variables of the model are the allocated resourc...