Industry standards pertaining to Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) impose strict safety requirements protect human operators from danger. When a robot is equipped with dangerous tools, moves at high speed or carries heavy loads, the current legislation requires continuous on-line monitoring of robot’s and suitable separation distance workers. The present paper proposes make virtue out necessity b...

An analysis of oral and nasal stops, affricates, oral and nasal flaps, and glottal stops was conducted using data from the TIMIT database. The results offer descriptions of the frequency of these segments in the large TIMIT corpus, mean segmental durations, voice onset times, and certain effects of voicing, place, word position, and speaker sex. Because of the quantity and diversity of speech d...

Two of the most fundamental distinctions between classes of speech sounds is that between sonorants and obstruents and between continuants and non-continuants. Sonorants are characterized as sounds which have no constriction small enough to impede the flow of air to the point of creating any audible turbulence; obstruents, as sounds which have a constriction which does impede the flow of air to...

Coding sequences lack stop codons, but many stops appear off-frame. Off-frame stops (stops in -1 and +1 shifted reading frames, termed hidden stops) terminate frame-shifted translation, potentially decreasing energy, and resource waste on nonfunctional proteins. Benefits may include reduced waste elimination costs and avoidance of potentially cytotoxic frame-shifted products. Our "ambush" hypot...

This study investigated the relationship between the production of Japanese stops by Korean speakers and word pitch pattern. Both Korean and Japanese languages have stops, but they have different phonetic characteristics: Japanese has voiced and voiceless stops whereas Korean has three stops (aspirated, tense and lax), but no contrast in voicing. Korean stops are also associated with the pitch ...

We investigated how listeners of two unrelated languages, Dutch and Korean, process phonotactically legitimate and illegitimate sounds spoken in Dutch and American English. To Dutch listeners, unreleased word-final stops are phonotactically illegal because word-final stops in Dutch are generally released in isolation, but to Korean listeners, released final stops are illegal because word-final ...

This paper presents the results of an acoustic study of stop contrasts in Slavey, a Dene (Athabaskan) language with a three-way laryngeal contrast. Stops in 8 speakers were measured. In addition to durational differences between the stops, burst intensity was found to be important for distinguishing aspirated stops from plain and ejective stops, and coarticulatory effects on the following vowel...