In this communication, a simple mechanism in the optional public goods game is experimentally investigated using two experimental settings; and first time, the cyclic strategy pattern in full state space is demonstrated by means of velocity. It is, furthermore, elaborated that the strategies of cooperation, defection and nonparticipant form a Rock-Paper-Scissors type cycle, and the cycle of thr...

This article depicts the approach used to build the Topos application, a simulation of two-wheel robots able to discern real complex sounds. Topos is framed in the nouvelle concept of subsymbolic artificial intelligence, applied to the field of evolutionary robotics. This paper focuses on the simulation of biologically inspired artificial cochleas and spiking neural networks, in order to model ...

The study of evolutionary biology is commonly divided into two components: study of the processes by which evolutionary change occurs and study of the patterns produced by those processes. By “pattern” we mean primarily the pattern of phylogenetic relationships among species or genes. Studies of evolutionary processes often don’t often devote too much attention to evolutionary patterns, except ...

our ancestors without fear, worry and anxiety are not our ancestors, as organisms without defense systems were extinct. therefore, while behavior such as fear and anxiety are useful to prevent harm, the exaggerated form, that is, anxiety disorders, has more costs than benefits. likewise, while a panic attack is a normal and useful response in the face of life-threatening danger, a panic disorde...