The spores of powdery mildew fungal pathogens germinate on the leaf surface, attack plants by digesting through the cell wall, and invade the cell by producing a feeding structure, the haustorium (reviewed in Hückelhoven and Panstruga, 2011). The fungus forces changes in the plant cell’s metabolism, cytoskeleton, secretory pathways, and endomembrane system; for example, the fungus reroutes host...

This report describes a sub-harmonic mixer for WCDMA applications. The circuit converts a 2 GHz RF signal directly to baseband using a 1 GHz LO frequency. The mixer uses common source MOSFETs with inductive degeneration to convert the input RF voltage to a current. This current is then steered using a switching network composed of triode-region MOSFETs that is driven with the LO and a 90 degree...

In this paper a low power CMOS sub-harmonic mixer based on the Gilbert cell for 2.4 GHz ISM band application is presented, in which the position of the switching and transconductance stages of mixer has been exchanged. A tuning out inductor has been used between the RF and LO switching stages to improve the linearity and noise figure, and also to enhance the conversion gain of the Mixer. The ut...

BACKGROUND Postoperative extrahepatic metastasis (EHM) contributes to a poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. This study was aimed to develop a practical method that can be used to predict postoperative EHM. METHODS In total, 578 patients were enrolled. We analyzed the clinicopathological features of the tumors and did a long-term follow-up to obser...

Fukuda and Handa [7] asked whether every even partial cube G is harmonic-even. It is shown that the answer is positive if the isometric dimension of G equals its diameter which is in turn true for partial cubes with isometric dimension at most 6. Under an additional technical condition it is proved that an even partial cube G is harmonic-even or has two adjacent vertices whose diametrical verti...

Diagnosis of equine herpesvirus-1 associated myeloencephalopathy (EHM) can be troublesome, but early recognition and knowledge of risk factors are essential for prevention and control. The objectives for this study are to 1) describe EHM in France, 2) improve clinical recognition, 3) identify risk factors. Through epidemiosurveillance of acute neurological cases (all considered to be potentiall...

BACKGROUND The European eHealthMonitor project (eHM) developed a user-sensitive and interactive web portal for dementia care: the eHM Dementia Portal (eHM-DP). It aims to provide targeted and personalized support for informal caregivers of people with dementia in a home-based care setting. The objective of the pilot study was to obtain feedback on the eHM-DP from two user perspectives (caregive...

BACKGROUND A large multistate outbreak of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) occurred in May 2011 among horses that participated in a competitive event. OBJECTIVE To identify EHM risk factors among horses with a common exposure venue. ANIMALS A total of 123 horses: 19 horses with EHM, 14 equine herpesvirus-1 cases with no reported neurologic signs, and 90 control horses. METHODS...

Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) is an economically important viral pathogen of equines and causes respiratory disease, neonatal foal mortality, late-term abortion and sporadic encephalomyelitis aka equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM) in affected horses. The nervous form of EHV1 (EHM) has been recognized as early as 1950s in horse population; however, many aspects of this disease remained poorly...

A low transmission loss, simple mechanical structure, and broadband waveguide-to-microstrip line transducer has been developed with a polytetrafluoroethylene printed circuit board. This can fully cover the V-band, E-band, and W-band, and the transmission losses are typically 0.68 dB, 0.86 dB, and 0.78 dB, respectively, at the center frequency of each band. The transducer in the W-band was alrea...