Recent developments in the study of primordial black holes (PBHs) will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on their formation and evaporation. PBHs could provide a unique probe of the early Universe, gravitational collapse, high energy physics and quantum gravity. Indeed their study may place interesting constraints on the physics relevant to these areas even if they never formed.

Recent research into the complementary relationship (CR) between actual and apparent potential evaporation has resulted in numerous alternative forms for the CR. Inspired by Brutsaert (2015), who derived a general CR in the form y5 function (x), where x is the ratio of potential evaporation to apparent potential evaporation and y is the ratio of actual to apparent potential evaporation, an equa...

Models of varying complexity are available to provide estimates of recharge in headwater Chalk catchments. Some measure of how estimates vary between different models can help guide the choice of model for a particular application. This paper compares recharge estimates derived from four models employing input data at varying spatial resolutions for a Chalk headwater catchment (River Pang, UK) ...

[1] We show that a simple model of pan evaporation (‘‘PenPan’’) can be used to analyze monthly mean output from a global climate model (GCM). PenPan is based on a modified version of Penman’s potential evapotranspiration equation. Very good agreement is obtained with observed annual pan evaporation for Australian sites when PenPan is forced by surface observations of radiation, wind speed, humi...

A model of unsaturated soil-water movement using a prediction model of basic physical soil properties for calculating correlation functions was developed using VADOSE/W. The reliability of the model was assessed by comparing the results with those of a soil-column test. Coefficients of determination, R2, between the simulated and the measured daily evaporation for sand-mulch thicknesses of 0 (c...

A one-dimensional soil model has been developed to better predict heat and water exchanges in arid and semiarid regions. New schemes to calculate evaporation and adsorption in the soil were incorporated in the model. High performance of the model was confirmed by comparison of predicted surface fluxes, soil temperature, and volumetric soil water content with those measured in the Negev Desert, ...

The conditions for disk evaporation by electron thermal conduction are examined, using a simplified semi–analytical 1-D model. The model is based on the mechanism proposed by Meyer & Meyer–Hofmeister (1994) in which an advection dominated accretion flow evaporates the top layers from the underlying disk by thermal conduction. The evaporation rate is calculated as a function of the density of th...

An investigation of the color evaporation model is presented. The color evaporation model describes the production of J ψ mesons. The numerical FMNR program is used to calculate the next to leading order J ψ production cross sections as predicted by the color evaporation model. Cross sections are calculated as functions of pT , Wγp and z. In addition the p 2 T distribution was investigated in f...