To address the complex nature of cancer occurrence and outcomes, approaches have been developed to simultaneously assess the role of two or more etiologic agents within hierarchical levels including the: (i) macroenvironment level (e.g., health care policy, neighborhood, or family structure); (ii) individual level (e.g., behaviors, carcinogenic exposures, socioeconomic factors, and psychologic ...

The establishment of a biorepository with linkage to clinical and epidemiologic data will provide an invaluable resource for cancer research, including studies of cancer etiology, progression, and prognosis, as well as development of biomarkers for early detection. Developing an infrastructure for a biorepository linked to clinical, pathologic, and epidemiologic data requires significant effort...

Introduction: Prevalence of stillbirth is available item for prenatal care. Its prevalence is different in other region of the worlds because of definition and data connection. Prevalence of stillbirth is less than 1% in developed countries and developing countries 3%. The regular attention to prenatal care is essential for reducing stillbirth prevalence. The aim of study was to determine preva...

Background & Aims: Amputation has different causes and is increasing in many countries. This study tried to determine the etiology of the amputations in one of the relatively large cities of Iran. Method: This retrospective study was undertaken on all of the amputees in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences during 9 years. Patients’ demographic features including age and...

Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a common problem in children and early diagnosis can lead to early treatment and prevent of its complications. This study was aimed to evaluate factors effective on outcome of bronchiectasis in children. Methods: In an analytical cross-sectional study, 347 children with bronchiectasis Underwent the study. the patients were diagnosed based on chronic suppurative c...

Summary Abscess formation in the anorectal region is a relatively common occurrence and contributes to a fair number of emergency surgical operations. In this paper the etiology of anorectal abscess is reviewed and an interesting case is presented. In about 20% of cases there many be obvious local cause such as infected fissure, thrombosed pile, trauma following local injection therapy, etc. I...