The production of fuel ethanol from corn grain is widely carried out in the US, with total current production at 7 billion gallons. This may soon reach 10 billion gallons or more. This chapter addresses the potential of fuel ethanol as an additional source of product based on utilization of the cellulosic (non-food) portions of maize, and in particular the pericarp, cobs, stalks and leaves of t...

BACKGROUND Ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks (also known as 2nd generation or 2G ethanol process) presents a great potential for reducing both ethanol production costs and climate change impacts since agricultural residues and dedicated energy crops are used as feedstock. This study aimed at the quantification of the economic and environmental impacts considering the current an...

Motor fuel grade ethanol (MFGE) is the fastest growing market for ethanol worldwide; and MFGE production dwarfs the combined total production of all other grades of ethanol. Fermentation ethanol, as fuel (and solvent), has experienced several cycles of growth and decline since the early 1800s. By 1860, production had reached more than 90 million gallons per year. In 1861 Congress imposed a tax ...

BACKGROUND The native ability of Clostridium thermocellum to rapidly consume cellulose and produce ethanol makes it a leading candidate for a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) biofuel production strategy. C. thermocellum also synthesizes lactate, formate, acetate, H2, and amino acids that compete with ethanol production for carbon and electrons. Elimination of H2 production could redirect carbon...

BACKGROUND Environmental issues and shortage of fossil fuels have turned the public interest to the utilization of renewable, environmentally friendly fuels, such as ethanol. In order to minimize the competition between fuels and food production, researchers are focusing their efforts to the utilization of wastes and by-products as raw materials for the production of ethanol. household food was...

Lactococcus lactis metabolizes glucose homofermentatively to lactate. However, after disruption of the gene coding for lactate dehydrogenase, LDH , a key enzyme in NAD regeneration, the glycolytic flux shifts from homolactic to mixed-acid fermentation with the redirection of pyruvate towards production of formate, acetate, ethanol and CO2. A mathematical model of the pyruvate metabolism pathway...

­ We document an experimental study to optimize yield of an ethanol distillation process. The yield is expressed in terms of concentration of the ethanol obtained, and the profit from the process. Concentration is a function of six input factors that can be varied within a given range. Profit is a function of the revenue (which depends on the concentration of ethanol achieved) and costs (which ...

Increased erythropoietin (EPO) production is important for erythropoiesis as well as cell viability. The most effective factor for promoting EPO production is hypoxia, which alters the redox state and produces a reducing environment in the cell. In this study, we examined the influence of ethanol on EPO production in HepG2 cells to investigate the effect of increasing the free NADH/NAD+ ratio i...