We introduce and study a new class of spaces, namely $beta-$topological vector spaces via $beta-$open sets. The relationships among these spaces with some existing spaces are investigated. In addition, some important and useful characterizations of $beta-$topological vector spaces are provided.  

This paper intends to highlight one of the key concerns of housing designers i.e. the influence of open space on human satisfaction as well as their attachment to a particular place. Consequently, neighborhood open spaces with their meaningful layout seem to be constituent elements of residential complexes. Although, architects and designers try to create qualitative areas among buildings, the ...

In this paper, we introduce the concept of linear v{C}ech closure spaces and establish the properties of open sets in linear v{C}ech closure spaces (Lv{C}CS). Here, we observe that the concept of linearity is preserved by semi-open sets, g-semi open sets, $gamma$-open sets, sgc-dense sets and compact sets in Lv{C}CS. We also discuss the concept of relative v{C}ech closure operator, meet and pro...

according to statistics, in 2009 iran’s oil and gas consumption were 1.4 and 3.1 times higher than the world average and during 1998 to 2008 residential sector accounted for 42% of the total energy consumption in the country. as hot-humid climate is the most severe climate across the world, climatic consideration must be incorporated in design of the new dwellings in this area. over the centuri...

environmental impacts, pollutants, occupational stresses, population density, and health and safety problems are side effects of rapid urbanization. these problems threaten human being, especially children as the prominent vulnerable group in every human settlement. in this article playground as one of the main urban spaces has been emphasized. safety ignorance can affect on community in both o...

Although globalization has created ample opportunities and spaces to share experiences and information, the diffusion of ideas, especially in global health, is primarily influenced by the unequal distribution of economic, political and scientific powers around the world. These ideas in global health are generally rooted in High-Income Countries (HICs), and then reach Low- and Middle-Income Coun...

In this paper, we present a new vision for studying ${F}$-open, ${F}$-continuous, and ${F}$-irresolute function in $(L,M)$-fuzzy topological spaces based on the implication operation and $(L,M)$-fuzzy ${F}$-open operator cite{2}. These kinds of functions are generalized with their elementary properties to $(L,M)$-fuzzy topological spaces setting based on graded concepts. Moreover, a systematic ...

Based on a gender equity perspective and within a pluralistic civil society, women should have equal rights for presence in and use of urban open spaces. Despite this, various factors decrease their presence including inappropriate design of space, as well as socio-cultural obstacles. Since women’s major place of presence and activity has traditionally been in or near home, neighborhood open s...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the concepts of fuzzy $e$-open set, fuzzy $e$-continuity and fuzzy $e$-compactness in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. After giving the fundamental concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces, we present intuitionistic fuzzy $e$-open sets and intuitionistic fuzzy $e$-continuity and other results re...