BACKGROUND Inhibins are important regulators of the female reproductive system. Recently, two new inhibin subunits betaC and betaE have been described, although it is unclear if they are synthesized in normal human endometrium. METHODS Samples of human endometrium were obtained from 82 premenopausal, non-pregnant patients undergoing gynecological surgery for benign diseases. Endometrium sampl...

Podosphaera (Sphaerotheca) euphorbiae on Euphorbia epithymoides (= E. polychroma, cushion spurge) is reported for the first time in North America. Neoerysiphe (Erysiphe) galeopsidis on Lamium amplexicaule (henbit), Blumeria (Erysiphe) graminis on Festuca idahoenis (Idaho fescue), Taphrina johansonii on Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), and Taphrina occidentalis on Alnus rubra (red alder) a...

To study the phylogenetic relationships between Erysiphe s. lat. and Microsphaera, the nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacers ofrDNA including 5.8S rDNA gene were determined for 23 taxa. The results showed that Erysiphe. section Erysiphe and Microsphaera are closely related and clustered together with strong bootstrap support (100%). All oftaxa belonging to this group produce coni...

Plant diseases influence the optical properties of plants in different ways. Depending on the host pathogen system and disease specific symptoms, different regions of the reflectance spectrum are affected, resulting in specific spectral signatures of diseased plants. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of hyperspectral imaging and non-imaging sensor systems for the detection, dif...

The genome of most Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) isolates is comprised of four RNAs. The ability of certain isolates to overcome Rz1-mediated resistance in sugar beet grown in the United States and Europe is associated with point mutations in the pathogenicity factor P25. When the virus is inoculated mechanically into sugar beet roots at high density, the ability depends on an alanine...

Three soilborne viruses transmitted by Polymyxa betae KESKIN in sugar beet have been described: Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the agent of rhizomania, Beet soilborne virus (BSBV), and Beet virus Q (BVQ). A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR technique was developed to simultaneously detect BNYVV, BSBV, and BVQ, together with their vector, P. betae. The detection threshold of the test...

Activins C and E (homodimers of the betaC and betaE subunits), which are almost exclusively expressed in the liver, are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily of growth factors. We examined their expression in three different hepatoma cell lines and found that, compared with normal liver or primary hepatocytes, human hepatoblastoma (HepG2), human hepatocellular car...