OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of accelerometer epoch lengths, wear time (WT) algorithms, and activity cut-points on estimates of WT, sedentary behavior (SB), and physical activity (PA). METHODS 268 7-11 year-olds with BMI ≥ 85th percentile for age and sex wore accelerometers on their right hips for 4-7 days. Data were processed and analyzed at epoch lengths of 1-, 5-, 10-, 15-, 30-, and 60...

BACKGROUND It is important to determine if rates of survival and major neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs; infants born at 23-27 weeks gestation) are changing over time. METHODS Study infants were born at 23 to 27 weeks of gestation without congenital anomalies at a tertiary medical center between July 1, 1990 and June 30, 2000, to mothers residing...

Currently, this Advanced Track is abbreviated while addressing mainly the concept of energy rate density—a numerical quantity proposed as a useful complexity metric for an underlying, unifying process that guides the origin, evolution, and destiny of all organized systems across the arrow of time, from big bang to humankind. In the summer of 2014, this supplement will grow dramatically, providi...

In this paper we propose a simple, alternative interpretation of backpropagation learning. We call this the “epoch interpretation of learning” and show how it can be used to improve the performance of earlystopping based techniques used for improving generalization performance in neural networks. Experiments performed on noisy, non-linear foreign exchange rate data demonstrate that networks bui...

We use a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation in hierarchical clustering theories to interpret recent data on galaxy formation and evolution, focussing primarily on the recently discovered population of Lyman-break galaxies at z ≃ 3. For a variety of cold dark matter (CDM) cosmologies we construct mock galaxy catalogues subject to identical selection criteria to those applied to the real dat...

The frontal eye field (FEF) is a key brain region to study visuomotor transformations because the primary input to FEF is visual in nature, whereas its output reflects the planning of behaviorally relevant saccadic eye movements. In this study, we used a memory-guided saccade task to temporally dissociate the visual epoch from the saccadic epoch through a delay epoch, and used the local field p...

Although multiple lines of evidence implicate the primary motor cortex (M1) in motor learning, the precise role of M1 in the adaptation to novel movement dynamics and in the subsequent consolidation of a memory of those dynamics remains unclear. Here we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to dissociate the contribution of M1 to these distinct aspects of motor learning. Subj...

In this study we demonstrate that, even in blocked design fMRI, an event-related analysis may provide a more accurate model of the hemodynamic responses than an epoch-related analysis. This is because the temporal shape of the predicted response differs between the event-related and the epoch model, with the former reaching its peak sooner and returning to baseline later than the latter. We pre...