Abstract We report the preliminary inter-satellite comparisons of in situ ion density measurements by velocity meter (IVM) onboard FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2) and Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) missions, during solar minimum period December 2019 to November 2020. The initial reveal identical diurnal, seasonal, latitude/longitude variations two ion-density measurements, with F7/C2 consis...

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 is the largest equatorial multi-satellite constellation of six full-size satellites to study ionosphere. Each satellite equipped by an ion velocity meter (IVM) instrument provide high rate in situ plasma density observations along low-inclined orbits at ∼530–550 km altitude. Six unprecedented dense coverage entire region around globe and allow reliable detection bubbles (EPB...

A literature search found no clinical trials or guidelines addressing the management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Based on the available literature and expert opinion, we have developed recommendations for the diagnosis and management of SIH. For typical cases, we recommend brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadolinium to confirm the diagnosis, and conservative measure...

Abstract This study estimates the scale sizes of plasma density irregularities and longitudinal width associated with equatorial bubbles (EPBs) in low-latitude regions. By analyzing amplitude scintillation S 4 indices total electron content (TEC) measured from low earth orbit (LEO) satellite’s beacon signals 400 MHz Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) L1/E1 1575.42 MHz, recorded by receiv...

In this paper, the variations of ionospheric irregularities have been studied using C/NOFS, ground-based GNSS and magnetometer measurements in Africa during St. Patrick geomagnetic storm March 17, 2013. The latitudinal distribution was examined GNSS-ROTI maps covering longitude 25°–45°E. Longitudinal characteristics were also investigated along with equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) vertical dri...

Scintillation due to ionospheric plasma irregularities remains a challenging task for the space science community as it can severely threaten dynamic systems relying on space-based navigation services. In present paper, we probe current and irregularity characteristics from latitudinal arrangement of magnetometers Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations equator far low latitude locat...

Abstract. This work uses the Disturbance Ionosphere indeX (DIX) to evaluate ionospheric responses equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) events from 2013 2020 over Brazilian and low latitudes. We have compared DIX variations during EPBs ionosonde All-Sky Imager data, aiming physical characteristics of these events. Our results show that was able detect EPB-related TEC disturbances in terms their intens...