The Science Advisory Panel (SAP) evaluated the potential for microbiological environmental and public health impacts of wastewater discharges from large passenger ships. Historically, fecal coliform bacteria have been used to indicate the presence of sewage in environmental waters and as an index of the sanitary quality of the water. Because fecal coliform are always found in the intestinal tra...

a large portion of municipal waste, disposed in landfills, is organic in nature. this organicmaterial starts decomposing soon after the disposal in landfills. the decomposition leads to the generation ofin situ leachate, and this leachate can contain substantial amounts of contaminants. under arid conditions,leachate is solely generated by waste decomposition, as little input of external water ...

Ballast water discharges are a major source of species introductions into marine and estuarine ecosystems. To mitigate the introduction of new invaders into these ecosystems, many agencies are proposing standards that establish upper concentration limits for organisms in ballast discharge. Ideally, ballast discharge standards will be biologically defensible and adequately protective of the mari...

Optimal allocation of water resources requires an agreed basis for discussing what is an "acceptable" water quality. Developments in the establishment and interpretation of water quality specifications are discussed. It is argued that percentile water quality standards and sensible definitions of water quality failure are often inconsistent. Rigid water quality specifications cannot account for...

Landfill leachates are potential threats for environmental degradation. This study was conducted to determine the leachate quality, to identify the dominant pollutants and to evaluate the leachate pollution potential of an active and closed dumping ground of an uncontrolled municipal solid waste landfill site in Kolkata, India using leachate pollution index. The results of the physico-chemical ...

Karun River is the largest and most watery river in Iran. This river is the longest river which located just inside Iran and Ahvaz Metropolis drinking water supplied from Karun River as well (fa.alalam.ir). Karun River as the main source of water treatment plants in Ahvaz, like most surface waters affected by various contaminants which caused changes in water quality of the river (www.aww.co.ir...