Is medical commerce a recent phenomenon? Does it distort the patient– physician relationship? Are investor-owned firms the main source of medical commercialism?1 I contend that medicine has generally been commerce in the United States, that medical commerce is a problem when it creates or worsens physicians’ conflicts of interest, and that these conflicts thrive in nonprofit organizations as we...

This article defines the key parameters of ‘state entrepreneurialism’ as a governance form that combines planning centrality and market instruments, and interprets how these two seemingly contradictory tendencies are made coherent in the political economic structures of post-reform China. Through examining urban regeneration programmes (in particular ‘three olds regeneration’, sanjiu gaizao), t...