12 The impact of Indo-Pacific climate feedback on the dynamics of El Niño Southern Oscil13 lation (ENSO) is investigated using an ensemble set of Indian Ocean decoupling experiments 14 (DCPL), utilising a millennial integration of a coupled climate model. It is found that elim15 inating air-sea interactions over the Indian Ocean results in stronger ENSO variability with 16 various degrees of am...

[1] Reanalysis data are used to study the effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the stratosphere. During the boreal winter in the Arctic, Warm ENSO (WENSO) months are found to be significantly warmer and Cold ENSO (CENSO) months significantly colder than climatology. The QBO is also found to have a large effect on the Arctic stratosphere ...

It is known that the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon induces marked climate variability across many parts of the world. However, in seeking useful relationships between ENSO and climate, several indices are available. In addition to the choice of index, previous studies assessing ENSO effects have employed a range of different methods to classify periods as El Nino, La Nina or Ne...

[1] To investigate the role of ENSO in regulating the timemean thermal stratification of the equatorial Pacific, perturbation experiments are conducted in pairs with a coupled model. In one experiment, ENSO is turned off while in the other experiment ENSO is kept on. Perturbations are introduced through either enhancing tropical heating or increasing subtropical cooling. In the absence of ENSO,...

Adva ISSN http: The paper presents a review of El Ni~ no/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and selected environmental consequences at a range of spatial scales. The fundamentals of ENSO are summarized in a descriptive way, and the reader is provided with the key facts from the history of ENSO research as well as with recent developments in understanding the oscillation. Subsequently, a discussion on ...

This chapter reviews recent advances in understanding the diabatic and nonlinear aspects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In particular, it reviews the research leading to the view that averaged over the decadal or longer time scales, ENSO acts as a basin-scale heat mixer in the tropical Pacific. This heat mixer regulates the long-term temperature difference between the surface water...

Climate model experiments are analyzed to elucidate if and how the changes in mean climate in response to doubling of atmospheric CO2 (2xCO2) influence ENSO. The processes involved the development, transition, and decay of simulated ENSO events are quantified through a multimodel heat budget analysis. The simulated changes in ENSO amplitude in response to 2xCO2 are directly related to changes i...

In an effort to use climate predictions for streamflow and malaria hazard prediction, the decadal variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on streamflow and rainfall in the Kelani River in Sri Lanka was investigated based on records from 1925 to 1995. In the last half century, the warm ENSO phase was associated with decreased annual streamflow and the cold ENSO phase wit...

This study uncovers an early 1990s change in the relationships between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and two leading modes of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) atmospheric variability: the southern annular mode (SAM) and the Pacific–South American (PSA) pattern. During austral spring, while the PSA maintained a strong correlation with ENSO throughout the period 1948–2014, the SAM–ENSO correlat...

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important large-scale circulatory phenomenon that causes climatic variability in northern Mexico. The current challenge is to understand its consequences for both local climate and ecological processes of ecosystems. Within this context, we compared the degree of association of three different ENSO indices with local seasonal precipitation (P) in ...