CONTEXT Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been associated with lower rates of endotracheal intubation in populations of patients with acute respiratory failure. OBJECTIVE To compare NIV with standard treatment using supplemental oxygen administration to avoid endotracheal intubation in recipients of solid organ transplantation with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. DESIGN AND SETTING Pro...

CONTEXT The results of studies on noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure unrelated to cardiogenic pulmonary edema have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of NPPV on the rate of endotracheal intubation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure not due to ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (bilevel-PAP) on the rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. DESIGN Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Tertiary hospital emergency room. PATIENTS We randomly assigned 80 patients with severe cardiogenic acute pulmonary ...

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a medical emergency requiring immediate therapy which often includes airway control and endotracheal intubation. Given the need to prevent further increases in ICP, sedation and neuromuscular blockade is frequently used to facilitate endotracheal intubation. However, concerns regarding the ease of endotracheal intubation may complicate the decision proce...

The patient with acute heart failure may present with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE), a condition accompanied by severe respiratory distress, with crackles over the lung and orthopnea, and an O2 saturation usually < 90% on room air, prior to treatment. Non-invasive ventilation is the delivery of assisted ventilation without the need for endotracheal intubation and an invasive artifici...

BACKGROUND A study was undertaken to determine factors present in adult patients, newly admitted to the hospital, that predict the inability of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) to sustain the work of breathing and avoid endotracheal intubation. METHODS Data were collected prospectively from patients with acute respiratory failure who were admitted to Hackensack University Medi...

OBJECTIVE To identify the associations between the duration of endotracheal intubation and developing post-extubational supraglottic and infraglottic aspiration (PEA) and subsequent aspiration pneumonia. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study from January 2009 to November 2014 of all adult patients who had non-neurologic critical illness, required endotracheal intubation and wer...

BACKGROUND In the perioperative period, it may be inappropriate to monitor vital signs during endotracheal intubation using the same interval as during a hemodynamically stable period. The aim of the present study was to determine whether it is appropriate to use the same intervals used during the endotracheal intubation and stable periods to monitor vital signs of patients under general anesth...

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with conventional therapy improves the outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure due to hypercapnic decompensation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE). This review summarizes the main effects of NIV in these pathologies. In COPD, NIV improves gas exchange and symptoms, reducing the need for endotrache...