Background: Standards-based prescribing can increase the effectiveness of treatment and optimal management financial resources, including reducing costs insurance deductions. Therefore, deductions is necessary for pharmacy management. So, this study aimed to analysis prescriptions governmental Lorestan University Medical Sciences. Materials Methods: This a retrospective cross-sectional that inc...

We evaluated recreational and socioeconomic values of Masouleh forest park, north of Iran. Travel Cost Method (TCM) or Clawson method was used for evaluation. Therefore, 96 questionnaires were distributed among the visitors. The results indicated that the variables such as travel time to the park, travel costs, age and education were effective variables in using the park. The results show that ...

background: this study describes the possibility of implementing three-dimensional printing technology to create a precise construction of a planned bolus, based on computed tomography information stored in the digital imaging and communications in medicine (dicom) format file. materials and methods:  to create the bolus with a 3d printer, we converted data in the dicom format to the stereolith...

Previous research reveals that the visual design of open-ended questions should match response task so respondents can infer expected format. Based on a web survey including specific probes in list-style question format, we experimentally tested effects varying numbers answer boxes several indicators quality. Our results showed using multiple small instead one large box had positive impact numb...

Flipped instruction is gaining popularity in medical schools, but there are unanswered questions such as the optimum amount of the curriculum to flip and whether flipped sessions should be mandatory. We were in a unique position to evaluate feedback from first-year medical students who had experienced both flipped and lecture-based courses during their first semester of medical school. A key fi...

Abstract Background The payment card (PC) format and the open-ended (OE) are common methods in eliciting willingness-to-pay (WTP) of one additional quality-adjusted life year (QALY). aim this research is to compare these two formats monetary value a QALY. Methods A contingent valuation survey was carried out using pre-designed questionnaire with various hypothetical scenarios. difference betwee...

Previous research has shown that offering respondents their preferred mode can increase response rates, but the effect of doing so on how respondents process and answer survey questions (i.e., measurement) is unclear. In this paper, we evaluate whether changes in question format have different effects on data quality for those responding in their preferred mode than for those responding in a no...

Paper is still preferred to digital document systems for tasks involving annotating, folding, juxtaposing, or otherwise treating the document as a tactile object. Based on the Multivalent Documents model, Multivalent annotations bring to digital documents of potentially any source format, from PostScript to SGML, an open ended variety of user-extensible, sharable manipulations. Several very dif...

rials (Figure and eFigure 2). Smartphone-attached “laboratory on chip” (LOC) devices with modular microfluidic chips based on optoelectrowetting technology can perform sample preparation and detection steps in a simple and automated manner; LOC devices to run capillary electrophoresis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, enzymatic assays, biomarker screening, and immunoassays h...

BACKGROUND It is estimated that major depression disorders constitute 8.2% of years lived with disability (YLDs) globally. The repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) are two relative common interventions to treat major depressive disorders, especially for treatment resistant depression. In this study the cost- effectiveness and cost-utility of rT...