BACKGROUND/AIMS Hashimoto's encephalopathy is considered as a treatable dementia, but it is often misdiagnosed. We investigated cognitive impairment and the MRI pathology of Hashimoto's encephalopathy patients. METHODS The study comprised eight patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy, 16 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and 24 healthy subjects. A neuropsychological battery included ass...

INTRODUCTION Minimal hepatic encephalopathy refers to a mild neurocognitive impairment not detectable by clinical examination that can be present in cirrhotic patients. AIM To determine the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in a secondary healthcare center in Northern Portugal. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Cirrhotic outpatients were included. EXCL...

64 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) or Portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) in end-stage liver disease (ESLD) such as cirrhosis of the liver is a reversible and recurrent disorder of neurological function caused by liver disease or portosystemic shunting of blood or both. In this article only hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in chronic end-stage liver disease (ESLD) will be discussed. Hepatic encephalopath...

background: some evidence has shown benefits of probiotics in the management of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (mhe). we evaluated the efficacy of a multistrain probiotic compound, alone and in combination with lactulose, in the treatment of mhe. materials and methods: h   is study has two parts. first, consecutive adult patients with mhe were randomized to receive lactulose (30–60 ml/day) + pr...

Hashimoto's encephalopathy is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by acute or subacute encephalopathy related to increased anti-thyroid antibodies. Clinical manifestations of Hashimoto's encephalopathy may include stroke-like episodes, altered consciousness, psychosis, myoclonus, abnormal movements, seizures, and cognitive dysfunction. Acute cognitive dysfunction with convulsion as initia...

conclusions with growing cohort of young and middle-aged people, there is a probable risk of upsurge of ard. presently, there are dilemmas over the diagnosis of independent ard. thus, there is a need to develop evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management of ard through further systematic studies. results the prolonged and excessive use of alcohol may lead to structural and functional...

kernicterus (bilirubin induced encephalopathy) is an uncommon disorder with tragic consequences, especially when it affects healthy term and near-term neonates. appointment of cut off value of total serum bilirubin level that have a safe margin for early prompt treatment, as a result, prevention of kernicterus. in our study, all of icteric neonates that admitted in our center in 1 year were enr...

objective mercury poisoning is one of the important recent causes of mortality and mortality in children worldwide, particularly in industrial environments; mercury is a poisonous metal, especially harmful to the nervous and immune systems and the kidneys and can even be fatal. elemental mercury is present in thermometers, barometer batteries, sphygmomanometers and latex paints. inorganic mercu...

Objective: To estimate the association of umbilical cord lactate levels and pH with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in neonates born intrapartum asphyxia.
 Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
 Place Duration study: Pediatrics Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from February 2021 to April 2022.
 Methodology: The study was conducted on sus...

Drug-induced encephalopathy is a disease entity often caused by impaired cerebral metabolism that is not attributed to structural brain lesions. However, some drug-induced encephalopathies can develop structural lesions and share other underlying pathophysiological mechanisms (table 2). Leading symptoms are acute or chronic disturbances of consciousness, brain function and personality changes w...