In this paper we describe two new species of the freshwater snails genus Horatia . A stygobiotic Bourguignat, 1887 is described from Izvor Beguša in Croatia. It occurs sympatry with crenobiotic H. klecakiana 1887, but morphologically and molecularly distinct. characterized by terminal part body whorl separated columella, neither eyes nor any pigment on soft parts. a stygobiont gastropod, known ...

Although recognition behavior is central to many aspects of an organism’s biology, it has been difficult to effectively identify the individual recognition components (i.e., production, perception, and action) for most organisms. Among hermit crabs, a relatively well-studied system for recognition behavior, the precise shell cues that stimulate crabs to explore and choose empty shells are uncle...

Vertigo botanicorum sp. nov. is described from the Russian Altai Mountains. The species was recorded in 8 out of 118 study sites and totally 21 live individuals and 15 empty shells were collected. It is a medium-sized Vertigo species living in various tall-forb meadows, shrubby and forest habitats; avoiding only dry and strictly open sites. Mostly it was found in rather acidic sites of higher a...

in this study, the free vibration of partially fluid-filled laminated composite circular cylindrical shell with arbitrary boundary conditions has been investigated by using rayleigh-ritz method. the analysis has been carried out with strain-displacement relations based on love’s thin shell theory and the contained fluid is assumed irrotational, incompressible and inviscid. after determining the...

Experiments and observations were carried out to investigate the response of the Patella vulgata limpet shell to impact. Dropped-weight impact tests created damage that usually took the form of a hole in the shell's apex. Similar damage was found to occur naturally, presumably as a result of stones propelled by the sea during storms. Apex holes were usually fatal, but small holes were sometimes...

The degree of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in the cichlid Lamprologus callipterus is the greatest recorded among species in which males exceed females in body size. Males collect and defend empty snail shells in which females breed. We report on the potential importance of different selection mechanisms and constraints on male and female body sizes. To test for the importance of sexual selectio...

Structured films with periodic arrays of nanoholes covered by half-cone shells are fabricated via a simple and efficient colloidal lithography method. The designed films show strong polarization dependence in optical transmission. By decreasing the height of half-cone shells the peak shifts and this shift varies strongly for different orthogonal polarizations. Furthermore, the three-dimensional...

Background: Our previous reports have used a novel method for imaging bioelectromagnetic energy as electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emanating from plant and animal tissue The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that living land snails exhibit EMFs that can be transmitted through their exoskeleton and can be detected utilizing a mixture of fine iron particles and Prussian Blue Stain (PBS Fe2). ...

The giant African snail, Achatina fulica Bowdich, one of the most destructive molluscan pests of many tropical areas of the world, became established in Hawaii November 30, 1936 (Pemberton, 1938). To control this pest predaceous snails, Gonaxis quadrilateralis (Preston), G. kibweziensis (E. A. Smith), and Euglandina rosea (Ferussac) were intro duced (Davis and Butler, 1964; Davis and Krauss, 19...