Combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) units can be integrated with conventional separate cooling, heat, and power production units to meet demands. The goal of this study is to develop and examine a hybrid GA-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving the unit commitment problem for integrated CCHP-thermal-heat only system with considerations for electricity boiler. When environmental emis...

It is believed that the primary economic solution to climate change is an introduction of a carbon pricing system anchored to the social cost of carbon, either as a form of tax or tradable permits. Potentially significant externalities accompanying the introduction of emission-reducing technologies, however, imply that the standard argument does not capture some important aspects for the design...

A laboratory air emission evaluation system consisting of eight emission vessels (19 L each) has been developed and used to investigate the effects of bio/chemical agents or feed additives on ammonia and odor emissions from poultry manure. A novel approach was used to evaluate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor emissions, featuring air sampling with carboxen/PDMS 85 micrometer SPME fibe...

The rapid development of China’ s economy and society is obtained at the cost consumption energy, especially fossil energy. And coal-based energy structure enables China to become largest carbon dioxide emitter in world. With enhancement global greenhouse effect, ecological environment deterioration becoming increasingly serious. Carbon emission reduction has one most important international is...

global warming, as a consequence of greenhouse gases accumulation, has exerted significant impacts on biosphere. methane, a product of reduction processes of organic carbon in anaerobic conditions, is mainly emitted from paddy fields. the aim followed in this research is to evaluate the impact of midseason drainage on methane emission from paddy fields. the research was conducted with three tre...

A novel all-electrical method of frequency noise reduction in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is proposed. Electrical current through the laser was continuously adjusted to compensate for fluctuations of the laser internal resistance, which led to an active stabilization of the optical emission frequency. A reduction of the linewidth from 1.7 MHz in the standard constant current mode of operation...

We analyse games of greenhouse gas emission reduction in which the emissions and the emission reduction costs of one country depend on other countries’ emission abatement. In an analytically tractable model, we show that international trade effects on costs and emissions can either increase or decrease incentives to reduce emissions and to cooperate on emission abatement; in some specifications...