We use high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys to document the evolution of four ice cliffs on the debris-covered tongue of Lirung Glacier, Nepal, over one ablation season. Observations show that out of four cliffs, three different patterns of evolution emerge: (i) reclining cliffs that flatten during the ablation season; (ii) stable cliffs tha...

Loadings of tropospheric aerosols have increased substantially over the past 150 yr as a consequence of industrial activities. These aerosols enhance reflection of solar radiation by the Earth-atmosphere system both directly, by scattering light in clear air and, indirectly, by increasing the reflectivity of clouds. The magnitude of the resultant decrease in absorption of solar radiation is est...

ENSO surface longwave radiation forcing over the tropical Pacific K. G. Pavlakis, D. Hatzidimitriou, E. Drakakis, C. Matsoukas, A. Fotiadi, N. Hatzianastassiou, and I. Vardavas Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece Department of General Applied Science, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece Department of Physics, University of Crete, Crete, Greec...

The Earth Radiation Budget at the top of the atmosphere quantifies how the Earth gains energy from the Sun and loses energy to space. It is of fundamental importance for climate and climate change. In this paper, the current state-of-the-art of the satellite measurements of the Earth Radiation Budget is reviewed. Combining all available measurements, the most likely value of the Total Solar Irr...

A Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) longwave image of the cold air outbreak (left panel) and snapshots of simulations of five different mesoscale models. Lighter colors correspond to lower longwave radiation (colder temperatures). Overall the large-scale features are well reproduced and most models simulate a transition to a cumulus regime with a cellular structure. See the ...