objective: this study aimed to investigate the effects of royal jelly (rj) on catalase, total antioxidant capacity and embryo development in adult mice treated with oxymetholone (oxm). materials and methods: in this exprimental study, 32 male and 96 female adult naval medical research institute (nmri) mice (7-9 weeks of age) with a ratio of 1:3 for fertilization purposes were randomly divided i...

introduction: the teratogenic effect of caffeine depends on the dosage and the route of administration. a daily oral dose of caffeine (80 mg/kg) is tetrogenic for rat. in present study, the teratogenic effects of caffeine on the development of bones and the resoption of skeletal cartilage in the rat embryo were quantitatively evaluation. materials and methods: three groups of pregnant rats were...

Placental function in multifetal pregnancies before and after embryo reduction was investigated by measuring maternal serum concentrations of pregnancy associated placental protein-A (PAPP-A) and pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein (SP-1). Three groups of pregnant women were studied following assisted reproduction; groups 1 and 2, were 12 singleton and 12 twin pregnancies respectively, and g...

Receptors for insulin and epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO) have been measured in Syrian hamster em bryo fibroblasts and in a benzo(a)pyrene-transformed tumorigenie cell line (BP6T). Compared with the parent Syrian ham ster embryo cells, the BP6T cells exhibit a marked reduction in the binding of EGF-URO, whereas the binding of insulin is the same in both cell types. The selective r...

Background: Embryo vitrification was effectively used for assisted reproductive techniques. Despite the undeniable benefits of vitrification, cooling and warming stress, and cytotoxicity of cryoprotectant may affect the DNA methylation that have an important role in gene activation and silencing. In the present study effects of 2-cell embryo vitrification on DNA methylation in hatched blastocys...

background: in this feasibility study, a mechanically loaded in-vitro tissue culture model of joint morphogenesis using the isolated lower extremity of the 8 day old chick embryo was developed to assess the effects of mechanical loading on joint morphogenesis. methods: the developed in-vitro system allows controlled flexion and extension of the chick embryonic knee with a range of motion of 20 ...

We conducted an ultrasonographic experiment on a pregnant manta ray, Manta alfredi (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea). This study showed how the embryo of the live-bearing elasmobranchs respires in the body of the female. In the embryonic stage, the manta ray embryo takes in uterine fluid by buccal-pumping. After birth, the manta ray shifts its respiratory mode from buccal-pumping to ram-ventilation. T...