Pig embryos suffer severe sensitivity to hypothermic conditions, which limits their ability to withstand conventional cryopreservation. Research has focused on high lipid content of pig embryos and its role in hypothermic sensitivity, while little research has been conducted on structural damage. Documenting cytoskeletal disruption provides information on embryonic sensitivity and cellular resp...

In order to reduce the chance of multiple pregnancy during in-vitro fertilisation (IVF)– embryo transfer treatment, there is an increasing trend towards transferring a lower number of embryos. Surplus good-quality embryos are then transferred in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. The first pregnancy after FET was reported in 1983.1 It has been estimated that in IVF programmes in which ...

1. Summary 1. Embryonic Development and Viability in Livestock Species 1.1. Techniques for analyzing maternal contributions to embryonic viability 1.2. Physiological basis of embryonic viability in the female genital tract 2. Evaluation of Embryonic Viability 2.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and risk of cryopreservation in female fertility preservation. DATA SOURCES The data analyzed in this review were the English articles from 1980 to 2013 from journal databases, primarily PubMed and Google scholar. The criteria used in the literature search show as following: (1) human; embryo; cryopreservation/freezing/vitrification, (2) human; oocyte/immature...

oocyte, embryo and ovarian tissue cryopreservation are being increasingly proposed for fertility preservation among cancer patients undergoing therapy to enable them to have babies after the cancer is cured. embryo cryopreservation is not appropriate for single girls without any sperm partner and also because oocyte retrieval is an extended procedure, it is impossible in cases requiring immedia...

Evaluation of quality and viability of bovine and rabbit preimplantation embryos following cryopreservation was the objective of this study. Bovine embryos of Holstein breed (n = 88) at the morula-early blastocyst stage (on the 7 day after the first insemination) and rabbit embryos (n = 135) from New Zealand breed at the morula stage (90–92 hpc) were cryopreserved by the two-step vitrification ...

The technology so far applied clinically has been based directly on traditional human embryo cryopreservation protocols, and has produced relatively few offspring. Fortunately to date, no abnormalities have been reported from these pregnancies, regardless of the persistent concerns that freezing and thawing of mature oocytes may disrupt the meiotic spindle and thus increase the potential for an...

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) affects adversely implantation following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. COH with gonadotropins alters endometrial receptivity and luteal function. In addition periovulatory endometrial characteristics in stimulated cycles are considerably different compared with the natural cycles, and periovulatory secretory transformation is consistently ...