Recently, several new packet dropping mechanisms have been proposed for the Internet routers to achieve fair bandwidth allocation among the adaptive TCP applications and the emerging constant bit rate (CBR) multimedia applications which do not adapt their traffic rates. However, these mechanisms lead to waste of router bandwidth which in turn reduces throughput of contending TCP applications, w...

This paper looks at waste minimization practices available to the paint and coatings industry. The paper begins with an introduction to the industry and a description of the products. The steps involved in the manufacture of paints and coatings are then described. The paper then identifies the wastes generated. Source reduction and recycling techniques are the predominant means of minimizing wa...

The MODAR process uses supercritical water, heated above 374OC and pressurized above 220 atm, as a medium for the rapid and complete oxidation of organic compounds to carbon dioxide, water and inorganic salts. The destruction efficiencies achieved exceed 99.99% for a wide range of compounds including chlorinated solvents and PCB’s. The exothermic oxidation reaction produces sufficient energy to...

Background There has been an alarming increase in the dumping of Hong Kong’s municipal solid waste (MSW), predominantly food waste, in landfill (9,547 tonnes of MSW per day in 2013) [1]. One way of promoting an environmentally friendly method of minimising food waste is to turn the waste into energy by producing biodiesel from waste cooking oils. Biodiesel is a biodegradable fuel that can be ma...

--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------Due to depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing cost of the petroleum products are the big troubles of today's world .from past to present, tendency of oil price have increased consecutively. Especially, India has deficient amount of fossil fuel .for this reason, India has to...

Helping to eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable development through public-private partnerships in infrastructure noTE no. 44 – oCT 2008 F or the urban poor in developing countries, informal waste recycling is a common way to earn income. There are few reliable estimates of the number of people engaged in waste picking or of its economic and environmental impact. Yet studies suggest that w...

In your letter of January 31,1990, you asked us to evaluate the quality of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data that will be used to determine the need for mandatory waste minimization requirements. We presented initial fmdings in response to this request in August 199 1. This report presents our detailed findings on this issue; that is, our assessment of (1) the degree and causes of ...

One of the industrial revolution’s most insidious environmental legacies—dangerous atmospheric concentrations of CO2—can no longer be ignored. With “business-as-usual” projections rapidly approaching a grim horizon of climatic consequences, there is an urgent need to develop innovative strategies for CO2 stabilization that either reduce emissions through improved energy efficiency, or eliminate...