Binocular rivalry elevates contrast increment thresholds for the detection of a transient stimulus presented to the suppressed eye, while thresholds measured during dominance are identical to those during monocular viewing (e.g. [Wales, R., & Fox, R. (1970). Increment detection thresholds during binocular rivalry suppression. Perception and Psychophysics, 8, 90-94]). It is well established that...

The effects of spatial cuing were measured for discrimination between an increment and a decrement on a target's pedestal contrast. Discrimination thresholds measured in the absence of a spatial cue were always higher than corresponding thresholds measured in the presence of a spatial cue, except when pedestal contrast was near zero. Uncued discrimination thresholds rose monotonically with pede...

A sandpile with two stable and two unstable ranges of slopes is presented as a minimal model for the study of H-mode pedestal formation and dynamics. Pedestals are observed to form and expand inward with increasing deposition. Transport bifurcation is not critical to pedestal formation, though the pedestal structure obtained with a second, hard stability boundary is qualitatively different from...

The Zoellner illusion is a geometric distortion occurring when nonorthogonal inducing lines appear to tilt veridically parallel bars. The retinal pathways contributing to such illusions are unknown. The goal of this experiment was to investigate the retinal origin of the illusion. This was accomplished by determining the contrast gain for illusion thresholds. The magnocellular (MC-) and parvoce...

Time-dependent two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations are carried out for tokamak plasmas with edge poloidal flow. Differently from conventional equilibrium theory, a density pedestal all around the edge is obtained when the poloidal velocity exceeds the poloidal sound speed. The outboard pedestal is induced by the transonic discontinuity, the inboard one by mass redistribution. The de...

The Joint European Torus (JET) high resolution Thomson scattering (HRTS) system measures radial electron temperature and density profiles. One of the key capabilities of this diagnostic is measuring the steep pressure gradient, termed the pedestal, at the edge of JET plasmas. The pedestal is susceptible to limiting instabilities, such as Edge Localised Modes (ELMs), characterised by a periodic ...

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) adherence to epithelial cells results in the formation of actin pedestals. Pedestal formation requires the bacterial protein Tir, which is inserted into the epithelial cell plasma membrane by the type III secretion system. EPEC and EHEC use different Tir-based mechanisms for pedestal formation, and the EPEC Ti...

Density profiles in pedestal region (H-mode) are measured in HL-2A and the characteristics of the density pedestal are described. Cold particle deposition by Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection (SMBI) within the pedestal is verified. ELM mitigation by SMBI into the H-mode pedestal is demonstrated and the relevant physics is elucidated. The sensitivity of the effect to SMBI pressure and duration...

Edge transport barrier (ETB) studies on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511, (1994)] investigate pedestal scalings and radial transport of plasma and neutrals. Pedestal profiles show trends with plasma operational parameters such as total current IP . A ballooning-like I2 P dependence is seen in the pressure gradient, despite calculated stability to ideal ballooning modes. A simila...

[1] Pedestal craters on Mars are defined by an outwardfacing scarp forming a plateau perched tens of meters above the surrounding terrain. Their origin has been attributed to impact armoring of the surface and subsequent removal of inter-crater terrain by either eolian deflation or sublimation of an ice-rich substrate. We identified 2696 pedestal craters between 60 N and 60 S latitude; 98% are ...