We report the first demonstration of polarisation insensitive all-optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) for single wavelength channel 640 Gbit/s return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying (RZ-DPSK) signal and 1.28 Tbit/s polarisation multiplexed (Pol-Mux) RZ-DPSK signals using a 100-m polarisation-maintaining highly nonlinear fiber (PM-HNLF) in a polarisation diversity loop configuration. Th...

background & aim: electromagnetic waves can damage sex organs and cause hormonal disorders, whereas garlic is known as reducing risk factors for various diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the probable effects of mobile phone radiation and consumption of garlic on estrogen and progesterone levels and ovarian changes. experimental: five groups of rats (n = 8) were used which g...

Abstract. From the analysis of measurements of the linear polarisation of visible light coming from quasars, the existence of large-scale coherent orientations of quasar polarisation vectors in some regions of the sky has been reported. Here, we show that this can be explained by the mixing of the incoming photons with nearly massless pseudoscalar (axion-like) particles in extragalactic magneti...

voltages and currents are induced into electronic circuit boards as electromagnetic waves are radiated on them. the strength of induction depends on the wavefront and the circuit board characteristics. in this paper, by solving maxwell’s equations using fdtd method and then by extending it by three dimensional simulation using the gpml criteria for boundary conditions and tf/sf technique, effec...

The present work demonstrates a fibre-laser system with automatic electronic-controlled triggering of dissipative soliton generation mode. Passive mode locking based on the effect of non-linear polarisation evolution has been achieved through a polarisation controller containing a single low-voltage liquid crystal plate whose optimal wave delay was determined from analysis of inter-mode beat sp...

We derive the wave equation obeyed by electromagnetic fields in curved spacetime. We find that there are Riemann and Ricci curvature coupling terms to the photon polarisation which result in a polarisation dependent deviation of the photon trajectories from null geodesics. Photons are found to have an effective mass in an external gravitational field and their velocity in an inertial frame is i...

The purpose of this note is to introduce the linear electro-optic effect (Pockels effect) and its applications for modulating the properties of a light wave, such as its phase, polarisation and intensity. For this purpose, basic electromagnetic theory is first reviewed. Some elements of light propagation in an anisotropic medium are then introduced. The linear electro-optic effect is then prese...

We have developed a detector which records the full polarisation state of a terahertz (THz) pulse propagating in free space. The three-electrode photoconductive receiver simultaneously records the electric field of an electromagnetic pulse in two orthogonal directions as a function of time. A prototype device fabricated on Fe + ion implanted InP exhibited a cross polarised extinction ratio bett...

ELECT A new ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna integrated with a narrow-band (NB) antenna has been designed and fabricated. The UWB antenna consists of a U-shaped dielectric resonator fed by a microstrip line. In addition, the proposed structure integrates an NB slot with the same polarisation. The electromagnetic analysis is carried out by using two commercial software tools. To validate the propose...

We develop an analytic approach to calculation of the temperature and polarisation power spectra of the cosmic microwave background due to inflationary gravitational waves. This approach complements the more precise numerical results by providing insight into the physical origins of the features in the power spectra. We explore the use of analytic approximations for the gravitational-wave evolu...