We present the first set of results measuring the change in interfacial free energy and surface stress for Au(111) electrodes in an electrolyte containing a nonspecifically adsorbing anion and compare this behavior to that in an electrolyte containing an anion known to undergo specific adsorption. Generally, we find that the surface stress is more sensitive to changes in electrode potential and...

In vitro mammary epithelial cell models typically fail to form a consistently tight barrier that can effectively separate blood from milk. Our hypothesis was that mammary epithelial barrier function would be affected by changes in luminal ion concentration and inflammatory cytokines. Bovine mammary epithelial (BME-UV cell line) cells were grown to confluence on permeable supports with a standar...

Three Ca(2+)-dependent procedures known to increase cation permeability of red blood cell membranes were tested with Cd2+ ions which equal Ca2+ ions both in their charge and the crystal radius, 1. Increase of non-selective permeability for monovalent cations by incubating the red cells in a Ca(2+)-free sucrose medium. Addition of Cd2+ to the suspension of leaky cells failed to restore the initi...

Knowing the precise format of a program’s input is a necessary prerequisite for systematic testing. Given a program and a small set of sample inputs, we (1) track the data flow of inputs to aggregate input fragments that share the same data flow through program execution into lexical and syntactic entities; (2) assign these entities names that are based on the associated variable and function i...

Abstract. Gibbs energies of formation of CoF2 and MnF 2 have been measured in the temperature range from 700 to l t00 K using Al203-dispersed CaF 2 solid electrolyte and Ni + NiF2 as the reference electrode. The dispersed solid electrolyte has higher conductivity than pure CaF2 thus permitting accurate measurements at lower temperatures. However, to prevent reaction between A120 3 in the solid ...

Textile supercapacitors are a key enabler of future, wireless, textile based smart wearables. With high power densities and long cycle lives, can be readily paired with energy harvesters to the wearable technology. However, density these devices remains low (of order ?Wh) work increase this through improvements in electrode design requiring ever more complex materials manufacturing processes. T...