In this contribution, a capillary electrophoresis microdevice with an integrated on-chip contactless four-electrode conductivity detector is presented. A 6-cm-long, 70-microm-wide, and 20-microm-deep channel was etched in a glass substrate that was bonded to a second glass substrate in order to form a sealed channel. Four contactless electrodes (metal electrodes covered by 30-nm silicon carbide...

Experimental results of the I-V characteristics of the 6 electrode gliding arc discharge are presented. As a power system two 3-phase transformers were used instead of sixth-phase transformer. Power and energy in the two-, threeand six electrodes reactor were measured and photographs of the discharge development by high speed camera were detected. Streszczenie. Przedstawiono badania charakterys...

Ahstruct A method for construction of cuff electrodes is presented. The method is based on using platinum foil electrodes fixed by rubber bands on a Teflon coated mandrel, that is then dip-coated with silicone. The method allows for design of cuff electrodes of practically any size, shape and electrode configuration, and simple cuffs can be built in less than one hour of work Cuff electrodes ha...

Abstract The ion-extraction process from a finite-size photoplasma is simulated by using two-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell code. To investigate the impact of different electrode configurations on ion extraction parallel plate, wire-type, II-type, and M-type are used. present study compares time these electrodes provides quantitative audit photoions. Through this, it observed that c...

The first two problems depend on the size and shape of the stimulus electrodes and the accessibility of the fibres to be stimulated, which determines the necessary current density of the stimulus current. The prevention of undesirable electrochemical electrode reactions can easily be controlled by measuring the stimulus-electrode potential during current flow (BERGVELD, 1976). The third problem...

We performed scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes with independently addressable source and drain electrodes in the Coulomb blockade regime. This three-terminal configuration allows the resistance to the source and drain electrodes to be individually measured, which we exploit to demonstrate that electrons were added to spin-degenerate states ...

The tetrapolar electrode configuration used in bioimpedance suffers from negative sensitivity and is confounded by anisotropic tissue such as blood vessels or muscle and nerve fibres. We propose a circular array of electrodes to focus current directly underneath the probe and provide anisotropy information. We show that an implementation using 16 miniature electrodes is able to outperform the t...

In the field of spintronics, the archetype solid-state two-terminal device is the spin valve, where the resistance is controlled by the magnetization configuration. We show here how this concept of spin-dependent switch can be extended to magnetic electrodes in solution, by magnetic control of their chemical environment. Appropriate nanoscale design allows a huge enhancement of the magnetic for...

Screen-printed back-to-back microband electroanalytical sensors are applied to the quantification of lead(II) ions for the first time. In this configuration the electrodes are positioned back-to-back with a common electrical connection to the two working electrodes with the counter and reference electrodes for each connected in the same manner as a normal "traditional" screen-printed sensor. Pr...

Electroporation, the permeabilization of the cell membrane lipid bilayer due to a pulsed electric field, has important implications in the biotechnology, medicine, and food industries. Traditional macro and micro-electroporation devices have facing electrodes, and require significant potential differences to induce electroporation. The goal of this theoretical study is to investigate the feasib...