Clozapine is one of the most promising medications for managing schizophrenia but it is under-utilized because of the challenges of maintaining serum levels in a safe therapeutic range (1-3μM). Timely measurement of serum clozapine levels has been identified as a barrier to the broader use of clozapine, which is however challenging due to the complexity of serum samples. We demonstrate a robust...

Ethylene as an indicator for evaluating fruit ripening can be measured by very sensitive electrochemical gas sensors based on a high-resolution current produced by a bias potential applied to the electrodes. For this purpose, a measurement system for monitoring ethylene gas concentrations to evaluate fruit ripening by using the electrochemical ethylene sensor was successfully developed. Before ...

The paper describes a new PC and LabVIEW software package based system forelectrochemical research. An overview of well known electrochemical methods, such aspotential measurements, galvanostatic and potentiostatic method, cyclic voltammetry andEIS is given. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been adapted for systemscontaining large capacitances. For signal generation and recording of t...

The pH gradient and membrane potential of submitochondrial particles from bovine heart were estimated by the uptake of ["C]ethylamine and ["'Cl]perchlorate, using filtration through a glass fiber prefilter and Millipore filter without washing to separate the vesicles from the medium. An external volume probe of ['HI sucrose was also used. Internal volume of the vesicles was measured by the exte...

Title of Document: EVALUATION AND MODELING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL MIGRATION ON PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS Xiaofei He, PhD, 2014 Directed by: George Dieter Chair Professor Michael G. Pecht, Assistant Research Scientist Michael H. Azarian, Department of Mechanical Engineering Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the growth of conductive metal filaments on a printed circuit board (PCB) through an electrolyt...

This protocol describes the dynamic measurement of chloride ions using the transition time of a silver silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode. Silver silver chloride electrode is used extensively for potentiometric measurement of chloride ions concentration in electrolyte. In this measurement, long-term and continuous monitoring is limited due to the inherent drift and the requirement of a stable ...

We present the first demonstration of a passive, contactless method to interrogate electrochemical impedance (EI) via a microfabricated MEMS coil. EI measurement was achieved using the principle of reflected impedance between a pair of inductively coupled coils. Ionic concentration and electrolyte temperature were wirelessly transduced from measurement electrodes connected to a microfabricated ...

In this article, the structure and electrochemical performance of sodiated iron phosphate (FePO4) synthesized by the micro-emulsion technique have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electrochemical measurement. The results reveal that amorphous FePO4 could be transformed into crystallite sodium iron phosphate (NaFePO4) duri...

In human medicine, diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is usually based on measurement of capillary 3-β-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) with a hand held ketone sensor. This study was conducted to determine if measurement of capillary 3-HB could be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of canine DKA. Fifteen dogs with diabetic ketosis and 10 with DKA were evaluated. Paired measurements of 3-HB of ...

Development of appropriate models for the interpretation of impedance spectra in terms of physical properties requires, in addition to insight into the chemistry and physics of the system, an understanding of the measurement error structure. The time-varying character of electrochemical systems has prevented experimental determination of the stochastic contribution to the error structure. A met...