Identification of low cost, highly active, durable completely noble metal-free electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in PEM based water electrolysis and metal air batteries remains one of the major unfulfilled scientific and technological challenges of PEM based acid mediated electro-catalysts. In contr...

Rapid depletion of fossil fuel and increased energy demand has initiated a need for an alternative energy source to cater for the growing energy demand. Fuel cells are an enabling technology for the conversion of sustainable energy carriers (e.g., renewable hydrogen or bio-gas) into electrical power and heat. However, the hazardous raw materials and complicated experimental procedures used to p...

Spent catalysts are principally solid waste which that coming out from nitrogenous fertilizer industry, during the production of ammonia, resulting in the production of large amount of solid waste containing nickel, which is the spent or deactivated catalysts. These catalysts contain from 12-14% nickel based on the production process in fertilizer industry disposal of spent catalyst is a proble...

A general overview on the prospective of various oxidation and combined processes in the treatment of tannery industry effluent are reported. Various oxidation and combined processes such as UV/H2O2/Hypochlorites, Fenton and Electro-oxidation, photo-chemical, photo-catalytic, electro-catalytic oxidation, wet air oxidation, ozonation, biological followed by ozone/UV/ H2O2, coagulation or electro...

Niobium was doped into anatase TiO2 support at 10 mol % Nb0.1Ti0.9O2 using sol-gel chemistry. A PtRu/Nb0.1Ti0.9O2 catalyst was synthesized by LiBH4 reduction in tetrahydrofuran. The methanol electro-oxidation activity of the catalyst shows that this oxide support was electrically conductive. The current A/gPt was 6% higher on the PtRu/Nb0.1Ti0.9O2 catalyst compared to a commercial PtRu/C cataly...

A novel nanowire-structured polypyrrole-cobalt composite, PPy-CTAB-Co, is successfully synthesized with a surfactant of cetyltrimethylammounium bromide (CTAB). As an electro-catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, this PPy-CTAB-Co demonstrates a superior ORR performance when compared to that of granular PPy-Co catalyst and also a much better durability than the comme...

In the present work several Pt-based anode catalysts supported on carbon XC-72R were prepared with a novel method and characterized by means of XRD, TEM and XPS analysis. It was found that all these catalysts are consisted of uniform nanosized particles with sharp distribution and Pt lattice parameter decreases with the addition of Ru or Pd and increases with the addition of Sn or W. Cyclic vol...

Using the binding energy of OH* and CO* on close-packed surfaces as reactivity descriptors, we screen bulk and surface alloy catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation activity. Using these two descriptors, we illustrate that a good methanol electro-oxidation catalyst must have three key properties: (1) the ability to activate methanol, (2) the ability to activate water, and (3) the ability to re...

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are a type of electrochemical energy conversion device that directly Convert the chemical energy stored in a liquid alcohol fuel, commonly methanol and ethanol, and also ethylene glycol, or npropanol, to electricity. Because of their simplicity, high energy density, instantaneous recharging, and presumably long life, DAFCs have been identified as the most promi...

The highly reduced graphene oxide using solvated electrons as reductive agents shows low defects and well dispersion that are vital as the support of Pt nanoparticles in direct methanol electro-oxidation. The electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the Pt/RGO composites not only greatly enhance the catalytic activity but also dramatically improve the durability of the catalyst.