We present an optimization method to design three-dimensional composite microstructures with multifunctional characteristics. To illustrate the fascinating types of microstructures that can arise in multifunctional optimization, we apply our methodology to the study the simultaneous transport of heat and electricity in three-dimensional, two-phase composites. We assume that phase 1 has a high t...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigants, such as saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine liquid, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and RC-Prep, and also to determine the electrical conductivities of these endodontic irrigants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A root perforation was simu...

Vapor deposition techniques were utilized to synthesize very thick (∼1 mm) Li-ion battery anodes consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes coated with silicon and carbon. The produced anode demonstrated ultrahigh thermal (>400 W·m(-1) ·K(-1)) and high electrical (>20 S·m(-1)) conductivities, high cycle stability, and high average capacity (>3000 mAh·g(Si) (-1)). The processes utilized a...

Postdeposition solvent annealing of water-dispersible conducting polymers induces dramatic structural rearrangement and improves electrical conductivities by more than two orders of magnitude. We attain electrical conductivities in excess of 50 S/cm when polyaniline films are exposed to dichloroacetic acid. Subjecting commercially available poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) to the same treatment yi...

Understanding the influence of grain boundaries (GBs) on the electrical and thermal transport properties of graphene films is essentially important for electronic, optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Here we report a segregation-adsorption chemical vapour deposition method to grow well-stitched high-quality monolayer graphene films with a tunable uniform grain size from ∼200 nm to ∼...

Nanofluids are gaining much importance over the past decade due to their enhanced thermal conductivity, specific heat, cooling capacity, electrical conductivities. Novel properties of nanofluids are yet to be explored to the highest potential applications. One of the prominent applications of nanofluids is in thermal conduction. The presence of nanoparticle in a fluid can enhance the thermal co...

Nanofluids are gaining much importance over the past decade due to their enhanced thermal conductivity, specific heat, cooling capacity, electrical conductivities. Novel properties of nanofluids are yet to be explored to the highest potential applications. One of the prominent applications of nanofluids is in thermal conduction. The presence of nanoparticle in a fluid can enhance the thermal co...