[1] We infer the vertical profiles of space charge density and electric field intensity above ground by comparing modeling and measurements of the ground‐level electric field changes caused by elevating grounded lightning‐triggering wires. The ground‐level electric fields at distances of 60 m and 350 m were measured during six wire launches that resulted in triggered lightning. The wires were l...

We have experimentally demonstrated that fast electrons emitted from a metallic wire irradiated by a 5 × 10(18) W/cm(2) laser pulse can be collimated along the wire, and that their intensity is significantly enhanced in the axial direction of the wire. As the wire length is increased up to 30 mm from the laser focal spot, the angular divergence of the emitted electrons with energies of hundreds...

Axial symmetry in x-ray radiation of wire-array z pinches is important for the creation of dynamic hohlraums used to compress inertial-confinement-fusion capsules. We present the first evidence that this symmetry is directly correlated with the magnitude of the negative radial electric field along the wire surface. This field (in turn) is inferred to control the initial energy deposition into t...

Abstract: For the characteristics of full electric propulsion, a novel kind of brake-by-wire unit is designed for electric vehicle to improve braking performance. A comprehensive brake-by-wire system including this unit is set up after its structure and principle are introduced. Then, a multi-layer fuzzy controller is proposed to regulate decelerate and wheel slip rate, and an optimal regenerat...

Discussions of the force on a charged particle outside a current-carrying wire often assume that the wire is electrically neutral. This problem explores how this assumption is not quite correct. We give solutions both in the lab frame and in the rest frame of the conduction electrons, using both Maxwell’s equations and special relativity. We note that for current to flow in a resistive wire, th...

We interviewed 21 sheep farmers and evaluated their electric fences to identify problems and determine efficacy of electric fences to prevent coyote (Canis latrans) predation. Modified woven wire fences and fences of 9 high-tensile smooth wires alternating charged and grounded were most effective in preventing coyote predation. The most serious problems in fence design and maintenance were a) b...

background: one of the methods used for joining metals together is welding, which can be carried out using different techniques such as electric spot welding. this study evaluated the effect of electric spot welding on the load defl ection rate of stainless steel and chromium-cobalt orthodontic wires. materials and methods: in this experimental-laboratory study, load defl ection rate of 0.016 ×...

A wire boom deployment system has been developed that uses a mechanism which is similar to the classic yo-yo despin mechanism. The goal has been to develop a way to rapidly deploy wire booms from a spinning sounding-rocket experiment. The main challenge in using a yo-yo-type mechanism is to dissipate the excess kinetic energy so that the wire booms do not re-wrap themselves about the spacecraft...

While a broadband metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) has been implemented and proposed intensively in recent years, an ultra-broadband perfect absorber with polarization selectivity has not been realized in literature. In this work, we propose a configuration of polarization-selective (PS) MPA with ultra-wide absorption bandwidth. The aluminum wire grid is integrated on top of the ultrathin-me...