There has been a steady increase in the prevalence of electric vehicles (EVs) (electric cars) transportation industry. The limited range EVs and lack charging facilities make it harder to gain widespread adoption EV service. Several optimisation algorithms for routes have not yet resolved problems trip time travel cost. study provides Bat technique reduce costs while taking into account custome...

Dynamic routing of electric commercial vehicles can be a challenging problem since besides the uncertainty energy consumption there are also random customer requests. This paper introduces Stochastic Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (DS-EVRP). A Safe Reinforcement Learning method is proposed for solving problem. The objective to minimize expected in safe way, which means minimizing risk battery...

Electric vehicle routing problems (E-VRPs) deal with a fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) to serve set customers while minimizing an operational criterion, for example, cost or time. The feasibility the routes is constrained by autonomy EVs, which may be recharged along route. Much E-VRP research neglects capacity charging stations (CSs) and thus implicitly assumes that unlimited number EVs can s...

today, one of the new technologies in the modern era is vehicular ad-hoc network which has takenenormous attention in the recent years. because of rapid topology changing and frequent disconnectionmakes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data between vehicles, called v2v orvehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to roadside infrastructure, called v2i. designin...

One of the barriers to adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is the anxiety around the limited driving range. Recent proposals have explored charging EVs on the move, using dynamic wireless charging which enables power exchange between the vehicle and the grid while the vehicle is moving. In this article, we focus on the intelligent routing of EVs in need of charging so that they can make most ef...

Due to many damages that human activities have imposed on the environment, authorities, manufacturers, and industry owners have taken into account the development of supply chain more than ever. One of the most influential and essential human activities in the supply chain are transportation which green vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to generate higher economic and enviro...

many studies have been done on hybrid vehicles in the past few years. the full hybrid vehicles need a large number of batteries creating up to 300 (v) to meet the required voltage of electric motor. the size and weight of the batteries cause some problems. this research investigates the mild hybrid vehicle. this vehicle includes a small electric motor and a high power internal combustion engine...