The system for the single-turn injection of 5 MeV/u heavy ions into the Nuclotron is described. The system comprises a superconducting septum-magnet, kick electric plates, beam diagnostic apparatus and magnet correctors. The septum magnet has an iron yoke. The coil and septum made of a hollow superconductor, are cooled with a two-phase helium flow. The magnetic field is 1T. The electric field a...

The performance of the solid acid fuel cell by CsH2PO4 electrolyte was analyzed using the present model of the electrochemical reaction and transport phenomena, which are fully coupled with the governing equations. Development of such a model requires creating the three-dimensional geometry and its mesh grid, discretization of momentum, mass and electric charge balance equation and solving the ...

Phenolic resin-derived activated carbon (AC) cloths are used as electrodes for large scale electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) or supercapacitors. To increase the energy and power density of the supercapacitor, the contact resistance between the carbon cloth and the aluminum foil current collector is reduced by modifying the Al current collectors. Different modified Al current collectors, ...

Reduced equivalent series resistance (ESR) is necessary, particularly at a high current density, for high performance supercapacitors, and the interface resistance between the current collector and electrode material is one of the main components of ESR. In this report, we have optimized chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene (CVD-G) on a current collector (Ni-foil) using reduced graphene oxi...

In this paper, we present an analytical model to analysis the kirk effect onstatic and dynamic responses of quantum well heterojunction bipolar transistor lasers(HBTLs). Our analysis is based on solving the kirk current equation, continuityequation and rate equations of HBTL. We compare the performance (current gain,output photon number and small signal modulation bandwi...

It is shown that magnetic bipolar transistors can amplify currents even in the saturation regime, in which both the emitter–base and collector–base junctions are forward biased. The collector current and the current gain can change sign as they depend on the relative orientation of the equilibrium spin in the base and on the nonequilibrium spin in the emitter and collector. The predicted phenom...

AbstructA three-dimensional (3-D) package for simulation of asymmetric and crossed-field multistage depressed collectors for microwave tubes has been developed. This package is based upon the 3-D finite-difference code KOBRA3-INP. The main features of the package are a user-friendly input interface, postprocessors for collector analysis and calculation of secondary electron trajectories, and ve...

This paper proposes a new short-circuit protection method for an IGBT. The proposed method is characterized by detecting not only gate charge but also gate voltage of the IGBT. This results in a shorter protection time, compared to the previous method that detects only the gate charge. A real-time monitoring system using an FPGA, A/D converters, and a D/A converter is used for the proposed prot...

This article provides information about the sizing and standardization of a Faraday cup (FC) used as plasma diagnostic. instrument is to accurately map ion beam profile produced by an electric propulsion (EP) device. A FC cylindrical probe that uses electrode, termed collector, measure current. Several studies have shown relevance adding extra called collimator, define collection area minimize ...