A common genetic variation in TCF7L2 is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains elusive. In addition to affecting insulin secretion, genetic variation at the TCF7L2 locus may alter insulin action or directly modify hepatic glucose metabolism. We sought to determine whether the diabetes-associated variant in this locus (the T allele of rs7903146) incr...

To examine the effects of physical training on glucose effectiveness (S(G)), insulin sensitivity (S(I)), and endogenous glucose production (EGP) in middle-aged men, stable-labeled frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGTT) were performed on 11 exercise-trained middle-aged men and 12 age-matched sedentary men. The time course of EGP during the FSIGTT was estimated by nonpara...

It has been suggested that insulin-induced suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) may be counteracted independently of increased epinephrine (Epi) or glucagon during moderate hypoglycemia. We examined EGP in nondiabetic (n = 12) and type 1 diabetic (DM1, n = 8) subjects while lowering plasma glucose (PG) from clamped euglycemia (5.6 mmol/l) to values just above the threshold for Epi...

To determine the mechanism(s) by which insulin inhibits endogenous glucose production (EGP) in nondiabetic humans, insulin was infused at rates of 0.25, 0.375, or 0.5 mU. kg(-1). min(-1) and glucose was clamped at approximately 5.5 mmol/l. EGP, gluconeogenesis, and uridine-diphosphoglucose (UDP)-glucose flux were measured using [3-(3)H]glucose, deuterated water, and the acetaminophen glucuronid...

Lam (2007) introduces a generalization of renewal processes named Geometric processes, where inter-arrival times are independent and identically distributed up to a multiplicative scale parameter, in a geometric fashion. We here envision a more general scaling, not necessar- ily geometric. The corresponding counting process is named Extended Geometric Process (EGP). Semiparametric estimates are...

The recent incorporation of molecular methods into analyses of social and mating systems has provided evidence that mating patterns often differ from those predicted by group social organization. Based on field studies and paternity analyses at a limited number of sites, African lions are predicted to exhibit a strict within-pride mating system. Extra-group paternity has not been previously rep...

OBJECTIVES Provision of person-centred generalist care is a core component of quality primary care systems. The World Health Organisation believes that a lack of generalist primary care is contributing to inefficiency, ineffectiveness and inequity in healthcare. In UK primary care, General Practitioners (GPs) are the largest group of practising generalists. Yet GPs fulfil multiple roles and the...

Free fatty acids (FFA) have been shown to inhibit insulin suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP). To determine whether this is the result of stimulation by FFA of gluconeogenesis (GNG) or glycogenolysis (GL) or a combination of both, we have determined rates of GNG and GL (with (2)H(2)O) and EGP in 16 healthy nondiabetic volunteers (11 males, 5 females) during euglycemic-hyperinsuli...

Recently, a new method, based on a two-compartment minimal model and deconvolution [A. Caumo and C. Cobelli. Am. J. Physiol 264 ( Endocrinol. Metab.. 37): E829-E841, 1993; P. Vicini, G. Sparacino, A. Caumo, and C. Cobelli. Comput. Meth. Prog. Biomed. 52: 147-156, 1997], has been proposed to estimate endogenous glucose production (EGP) from labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) data...

OBJECTIVE We recently showed that intracerebroventricular infusion of neuropeptide Y (NPY) hampers inhibition of endogenous glucose production (EGP) by insulin in mice. The downstream mechanisms responsible for these effects of NPY remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish whether intracerebroventricular NPY administration modulates the suppressive action of ins...