The phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae can suppress both pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) by the injection of type III effector (T3E) proteins into host cells. T3Es achieve immune suppression using a variety of strategies including interference with immune receptor signaling, blocking RNA pathways and vesicle...

Plant resistance proteins recognize cognate pathogen avirulence (also named effectors) to implement the innate immune responses called effector-triggered immunity. Previously, we reported that hopA1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. strain 61 was identified as an avr gene for Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a forward genetic screen approach, cloned hopA1-specific TIR-NBS-LRR class disease gene, RESISTA...