Resident duty hours have become an increasingly debated topic in post-graduate medical education. Work-hour restrictions have been implemented for first-year residents in the US and more recently for all residents in Quebec. Current and future work-hour rules affect a variety of stakeholders: government, hospitals, residency training programs, patients, and most of all residents. In this articl...

OBJECTIVES To examine the relations between subjective social status, and objective socioeconomic status (as measured by income and education) in relation to male/female middle aged mortality rates across 150 sub-regions in Hungary. DESIGN Cross sectional, ecological analyses. SETTING 150 sub-regions of Hungary. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS 12,643 people were interviewed in the Hungaro-study ...

BACKGROUND Despite increased funding of measles vaccination programs by national governments and international aid agencies, structural factors encumber attainment of childhood measles immunisation to levels which may guarantee herd immunity. One of such factors is parental education status. Research on the links between parental education and vaccination has typically focused on the influence ...

The authors have studied whether area-level socioeconomic status predicts mortality independently of individual-level socioeconomic status in 179,383 persons in the American Cancer Society Nutrition Cohort, followed for mortality from 1992 to 2000 (17,383 deaths). They used an area-level variable based on census blocks that was an average of home value, income, education, and occupation. Educat...

Detecting and explicating interactions in categorical data analyses using cross tabulation and the [chi] 2 statistic can provide salient tests of hypotheses concerning the relationship between two variables measured at the nominal or ordinal levels. For example, researchers usually employ categorical analysis when they are interested in whether members of one group (e.g., males vs. females) dif...