BACKGROUND Osteotomy is one of the major steps in rhinoplasty. The aim of study was to compare edema and ecchymosis after external and internal lateral osteotomy in patients who underwent rhinoplasty. METHODS Based on a prospective randomized clinical trial, 168 osteotomies were performed through an external route in a perforating fashion and internal route in a continuous fashion at r...

The present report describes a 5-years-old girl who presented with hypoproteinaemia and generalised oedema due to giardiasis.  She recovered fully 2 weeks after treatment with oral metronidazole.  The emphasis is on the importance of giardiasis in children with hypoproteinaemia of obscure aetiology.

purpose: to report a case of severe macular edema following the taking of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis. case report: a 34-year-old woman with a long history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis presented complaining of blurred vision in the left eye that started 1 week before the presentation. she had been taking fingolimod for 4 months. she was not diabetic and had no history of uveit...

background osteotomy is one of the major steps in rhinoplasty. the aim of study was to compare edema and ecchymosis after external and internal lateral osteotomy in patients who underwent rhinoplasty. methods based on a prospective randomized clinical trial, 168 osteotomies were performed through an external route in a perforating fashion and internal route in a continuous fashion at right or l...

background: diabetes is a common metabolic disorder leading to the development of many complications, among which diabetic retinopathy and macular edema are the most significant. these complications can contribute to blindness if not diagnosed or treated properly, and several studies have been conducted to evaluate the methods for the prevention or slowing down their progression. therefore, ser...

background: postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis are common after rhinoplasty. we studied the effect of local injection of lidocaine/adrenaline immediately before osteotomy on prevention of post-operative periorbital edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. m aterials and methods: thirty healthy candidates for rhinoplasty were enrolled in the self-controlled clinical trial study. lidocain...

Grades of recovery and outcome of patients with "stroke" have been widely reported by different authors.' There is reasonable agreement on the "poor" outcome of a certain number of surviving "stroke" patients; their number is widely estimated to vary from 19% to 35%. With the growing need for physical medicine and rehabilitation treatment and the associated mushrooming financial expenditures fo...

background: nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity is increased during hypertension and cerebral ischemia. nos inactivation reduces stroke-induced cerebral injuries, but little is known about its role in blood-brain barrier (bbb) disruption and cerebral edema formation during stroke in acute hypertension. here, we investigated the role of nos inhibition in progression of edema formation and bbb d...