Drugs able to treat both nociceptive and neuropathic pain effectively without major side effects are lacking. We developed a bifunctional peptide-based hybrid (KGNOP1) that structurally combines a mu-opioid receptor agonist (KGOP1) with antinociceptive activity and a weak nociceptin receptor antagonist (KGNOP3) with anti-neuropathic pain activity. We investigated KGNOP1-related behavioral effec...

Eleven mice were trained to respond under an FR 20 schedule of reinforcement and, after learning the schedule, were administered doses of saline and the following phenylisopropylamines: (+/-)-MDMA, S(+)-MDMA, R(-)-MDMA and (+)-amphetamine. Each of the phenylisopropylamines decreased rates of operant responding in a dose-dependent manner. S(+)-MDMA (ED50 = 3.1 mg/kg) was nearly equipotent with r...

The use of steroids in the acute and emergency conditions of inflammation is well established. Most of the time they are given chronically to the patients with arthritis. The present study focuses on developing substantial quantitative structure activity relationship models of certain steroidal derivatives reported to be as anti-inflammatory agents. The QSAR models of androstene derivatives wer...

dry bubble disease is one of the most important serious diseases of the cultivated white button mushroom (agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach). it is a cosmopolitan disease having a worldwide distribution. ten isolates of lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (preuss) zare and gams were collected from mushroom farms. sensitivity of the isolates to benomyl, carbendazim, carbendazim+iprodione and p...

Synthesis and anticonvulsant potential of certain new 6-aryl-9-substituted-6,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-diones (6a-l) and 1-aryl-4-substituted-1,4-diazaspiro[5.5] undecane-3,5-diones (6m-x) are reported. The intermediates 1-[(aryl)(cyanomethyl)amino] cycloalkanecarboxamides (3a-f) were prepared via adopting Strecker synthesis on the proper cycloalkanone followed by partial hydrolysis of the o...

We hypothesized that pacing-induced congestive heart failure alters α-adrenergic constriction in intrapulmonary bronchial arteries. Cumulative dose responses to norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were determined in pressurized vessel segments. ED50values for NE and PE were higher for control (-5.34 ± 0.09 and -4.27 ± 0.08 M, respectively)...

Retigabine is a novel antiepileptic drug that influences M-type potassium currents. It is active in broad range of animal seizure models. PURPOSE. The aim of the present study is to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of Retigabine in two seizure models – maximal electroshock (MES) test and maximal pentylenetetrazole (MPTZ) test in rats. METHODS. Male Wistar rats (10 groups of 6 rats) we...

This study aimed to determine the values of half-effective dose (ED50) and 95% effective (ED95) remimazolam besylate used in procedural sedation endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Sixty patients who fulfilled inclusion exclusion criteria this were selected. Sufentanil was administered intravenously 2 min later. ERCP treatment feasible when modified alertness/sedation (MOAA/S...

BACKGROUND Airway management of the obese patient presenting for surgery is more likely to be a challenging problem. Supraglottic airway device has been adopted as a bridge to connect ventilation and tracheal intubation in obese patients who would be suffered with difficult intubation. The optimum sevoflurane concentration for supraglottic airway device insertion allowing spontaneous breathing ...