Sustainability is a key challenge for humanity in the 21st century. Ecosystem services-the benefits that people derive from nature and natural capital-is a concept often used to help explain human reliance on nature and frame the decisions we make in terms of the ongoing value of nature to human wellbeing. Yet ecosystem service science has not always lived up to the promise of its potential. De...

the value of wetlands is receiving increasing attention and the cost–benefit analyses (cba) is essential to evaluate the long-term effects of wetland rehabilitation projects. in order to guarantee the water quality of the south-to-north water diversion project of china (east route), the government of shandong province started a huge lakeshore wetland rehabilitation project in 2008. the cba appr...

This article develops the concept of “public service ecosystem” across four levels—the institutional, service, individual, and beliefs levels. It does this by integrating management marketing theory with public administration theory. Consequently, it explores both dimensions value creation within ecosystem at each level, interactions inter-relationships these concludes key implications for pact...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Apis mellifera biodiversity-ecosystem function ecosystem services native bee pollinator valuation ecosystem service valuation wild bee Crop pollination by animal pollinators is an important ecosystem service for which there is no generally accepted valuation method. Here, we show that two existing valuation methods, previously thought to be unrelated , are each a...

Value estimates of ecosystem goods and services are useful to justify the allocation of resources towards conservation, but inconclusive estimates risk unsustainable resource allocations. Here we present replacement costs as a more accurate value estimate of insect pollination as an ecosystem service, although this method could also be applied to other services. The importance of insect pollina...