The purpose of this paper is to compare Canadian and US performances with respect to economic growth and inequality. We find that Canada, with little economic growth in the past two decades (in fact, negative in the most recent decade), has had an increase in inequality of market income (in the absence of government taxes and money transfers), but almost no increase in inequality of after-tax i...

b a ckground:  food insecurity has an impact on social-emotional development, school attendance, and  academic  performance. it  is  critical  to  understand  the impact of food insecurity on academic standing and its relationship with socio- economic status on adolescent health outcomes. the aim of this study was to investigate the association between food insecurity and socio-economic status,...

Trustworthiness is the foundation for trust, institutions, and per capita output in society. Trustworthiness is primary – a society’s willingness to trust and the quality of its institutions have their origins in the trustworthiness of its citizens. Trustworthiness is therefore the basis for maximizing output in economic exchange and in explaining differences in standards of living around the w...

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Those who analyze political institutions often employ broad labels. They refer to democracy or authoritarianism; presidential or parliamentary governments; or to systems of plurality or proportional representation. In this paper, I refrain from addressing politics at this level and adopt an approach that is far more micro-in perspective. The approach I take can be referred to as " neo-classical...

There is no parity of esteem between academic and vocational qualifications in the labour market. Data from the Labour Force Survey show that on average men and women working full-time with academic qualifications at one level in the national qualifications framework earn about the same as men and women with vocational qualifications set notionally one level higher. So those with A levels have ...

Although popular in some circles, efficiency wage models of the labour market have proved surprisingly difficult to test and direct evidence for the central tenets of the theory is rare to non-existent. In this paper we propose a simple test of the Shapiro-Stiglitz shirking model which is based on the following idea. In the traditional search model the distribution of accepted wages should be t...

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