We provide a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between public debt and GDP growth in the postwar advanced economies. We use the timing of changes in public debt and growth to account for endogeneity, and find little evidence of a negative relationship. Semi-parametric estimates do not indicate any threshold effects. Finally, we reconcile our results with four recent, influential pape...

Saddlepath learning occurs when agents know the form but not the coefficients of the saddlepath relationship defining rational expectations equilibrium. Under saddlepath learning, we obtain a completely general relationship between determinacy and e-stability, and generalise Minimum State Variable results previously derived only under full information. When the system is determinate, we show th...

This paper provides direct evidence in support of the Long Run Risk model mechanism. We construct a measure to capture the persistent component of consumption growth using investor expectations of growth prospects contained in the news. Consistent with the predictions of the Long Run Risk model, this measure explains up to 25 percent of cumulative future consumption growth over long horizons. F...

Transverse coherence of Self-Ampli ed Spontaneous Emission (SASE) in high gain FELs is investigated through a three-dimensional eigenmode analysis. It is the rst time such an analysis could be carried out to account for the e ects of emittance and betatron focusing. In addition to the variational solution [1] found for the fundamental mode, E00, similar solutions are derived here for two higher...

In internal combustion engines, a significant share of the fuel energy is wasted via heat losses. This study aims to understand losses and analyze potential waste recovery when biofuels are used in SI engines. A numerical model developed for single-cylinder, four-stroke air-cooled engine carry out analysis. To verify solution, experiments first conducted gasoline engine. Biofuels including pure...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect using dentifrices containing tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) on microhardness, enamel color, and topography before bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Fifty bovine incisor enamel/dentin blocks (4 × 4 2 mm) were randomized into five groups (n=10): (C) negative control (no treatment), positive (35% HP), Colgate Total 12 then HP (CT + ...

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the long-term effect overnight use denture cleansers with different chemical compositions on color stability base polymers (DBPs). four DBPs evaluated were PEEK (PK group), thermoinjection-molded polyamide (PA auto-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (AP and heat-polymerized resin PMMA (HP group). cleaning agents used Corega tablet (CT), Prote...

Abstract. In efforts to improve methane source characterisation, networks of cheap high-frequency in situ sensors are required, with parts-per-million-level mole fraction ([CH4]) precision. Low-cost semiconductor-based metal oxide sensors, such as the Figaro Taguchi Gas Sensor (TGS) 2611-E00, may satisfy this requirement. The resistance these decreases response exposure reducing gases, methane....

Double auction markets have consistently been shown to realize almost full efficiency and prices very near the theoretical prediction. Research typically focuses on the performance of the double auction in single market environments. However, real economic activity is coordinated across multiple markets, a far more complex task. This paper uses experimental methods to examine the double auction...

Hundreds of large color differences, of magnitude 20 E00, were generated and used in a visual sorting experiment. The process of generating these color differences and two specific experiments are described in detail. The results show that small color difference metrics, such as E00, do not consistently model the visually sorted differences for large differences. A new similarity measure, bas...