PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that cancer stem cells contribute to tumor progression and chemoresistance in a variety of malignancies, including brain tumors, leukemias, and breast carcinomas. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that retinoblastomas contain subpopulations of cells that exhibit cancer stem cell properties. METHODS The following sources of retinoblastoma cells and ti...

mark-release-recapture methods are used for delineating foraging territories of termite colonies and estimating their foraging populations. in this research, marking of termites was evaluated by the use of two ingested dyes: nile blue (nb) and neutral red (nr). in this experiment, filter paper circles were wetted with 1 ml of each dye at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5% (treatments) and p...

zno and tio2 nanoparticles wereimpregnated with merbromin dye and used as modified photocatalysts for degradation of phenol. dye-modified zno and tio2 showed significantly higher photocatalytic activity than neat zno and tio2 under visible light illumination. moreover, the prepared dye-modified zno showed superior photocatalytic efficiency in degradation of phenol compared to the dye-modified t...

This review describes the technique and applications of an emerging bronchoscopic approach utilizing three-dimensional reconstructions of chest computed tomography scans to facilitate electromagnetic guidance to peripheral lung nodules. This approach, electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy, is useful for biopsy, placement of fiducial markers, or dye marking of overlying pleura prior to thoraco...

Abstract Silica nanoparticles with embedded fluorescent dyes represent an important class of markers for example in biological imaging. We systematically studied the various incorporation mechanisms xanthene 30–40 nm silica nanoparticles. An parameter was interaction dye matrix material, either by weak electrostatic or strong covalent interactions, which also has implications on stability fluor...

moving in line with the postulation that metadiscourse (md) markers help transform a dry and tortuous piece of text into a coherent and reader-friendly one, the researchers in the current study attempted to investigate the effect different metadiscourse markers might have on iranian efl learners’ perception of written texts. to this end, 120 undergraduate english students were given three diffe...

metadiscourse is a widely used term in current discourse analysis and language education, referring to an interesting, and relatively new approach to conceptualizing interaction between text producers and their texts and between text producers and users. despite the growing importance of the term, however, it is often understood in different ways and used to refer to different aspects of langua...

Grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.) have been cultivated for thousands of years in Central and South America. Their grains are of high nutritional value, but the low yield needs to be increased by selection of superior genotypes from genetically diverse breeding populations. Amaranths are adapted to harsh conditions and can be cultivated on marginal lands although little is known about their phys...

This protocol describes the loading of individual cells with fluorescent probes via patch pipettes. The patch-clamp methodology has been successfully used for single-cell dye labeling in cultured neurons, brain slices, and in vivo preparations. A broad range of dyes can be used with this loading technique. Markers for morphological reconstruction (e.g., Lucifer yellow); ion-sensitive indicator ...